Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prostate. 2015 Jul 22;75(15):1694–1703. doi: 10.1002/pros.23049

Figure 1. Proposed model of insulin signaling relative to cellular proliferation.

Figure 1

Simplified model of proposed effects of metformin and AMPK relative to insulin signaling and cellular proliferation are shown.(15, 16, 22, 45) AMPK: AMP activated protein kinase K; IR: insulin receptor; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; AKT: protein kinase B; TSC1/2: tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2; RHEB: ras homologue enriched in brain; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin