Table 4.

Summary of GEE Model Predicting Hangover Severity as a Function of Age, Drinking Volume, and Binge Drinking

			95% CI
Predictor	β	SE	LL	UL	p
Age	−0.11	0.05	−0.20	−0.01	.026
Binge	0.15	0.06	0.03	0.27	.016
Between-person drinking volume	0.17	0.07	0.04	0.31	.011
Within-person prior day drinking volume	0.20	0.05	0.11	0.30	< .001
Age × Binge	−0.05	0.04	−0.13	0.03	.191
Binge × Within-person prior day drinking volume	−0.03	0.04	−0.11	0.05	.446
Age × Within-person prior day drinking volume	−0.07	0.03	−0.13	0.00	.046

Note: Continuous measures are standardized. Day were coded −1 for when participants consumed 1 to 4 standard drinks the prior day and 1 when participants consumed ≥ 5 standard drinks the prior day. The reported coefficients represent standardized effects (effect size d). GEE = generalized estimating equation; SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval; LL = lower limit; UL = upper limit; Between-person drinking volume = grand-mean centered average number of standard alcoholic drinks consumed on drinking days during the monitoring period and reflects the between-person effect; Within-person prior day drinking volume = person-centered number of standard alcoholic drinks consumed the day before each hangover assessment and reflects the within-person effect. The three-way interactive effect of age, binge episode, and within-person prior day drinking volume was not significant.