Table 1. Proposed terminology and abbreviations of the non-avian theropod quadrate.

Standardized terminology and abbreviations of the non-avian theropod quadrate and comparison with the terminology of the avian quadrate based on Baumel & Witmer (1993), Elzanowski, Paul & Stidham (2001) and Elzanowski & Stidham (2010).

Non-avian theropod quadrate		Avian theropod quadrate
Quadrate	q	Os quadratum (Quadratum)
Quadrate body	qb	Corpus quadrati
Quadrate shaft	qs	/
Quadrate ridge	qr	/
Quadrate ridge groove	qrg	/
Quadrate foramen	qf	/
Lateral process	lpq	/
Quadratojugal contact	qjc	Cotyla quadratojugalis
Ventral quadratojugal contact	vqjc	/
Dorsal quadratojugal contact	dqjc	/
Quadratojugal process	qjp	/
Ventral projection of the dorsal quadratojugal contact	vpdq	/
Dorsal projection of the ventral quadratojugal contact	dpvq	/
Squamosal contact	sqc	/
Posterior fossa	pfq	/
Quadrate head	qh	Caput quadrati
Otic capitulum	oca	Capitulum oticum
Squamosal capitulum	sca	Capitulum squamosum
Intercapitular sulcus	icas	Incisura/Vallecula intercapitularis
Mandibular articulation	mar	Pars/Processus mandibularis
Ectocondyle	ecc	Condylus (mandibularis) lateralis
Entocondyle	enc	Condylus (mandibularis) medialis
Mediocondyle	mec	Condylus caudalis
Intercondylar sulcus	ics	Sulcus/Vallecula intercondylaris
Anterior intercondylar notch	ain	/
Posterior intercondylar notch	pin	/
Pterygoid flange	pfl	Processus orbitalis
Pterygoid contact	ptc	Condylus pterygoideus/Facies articularis pterygoidea
Medial fossa	mfq	Fossa basiorbitalis
Ventral shelf	vsh	/
Quadrate pneumatic foramen	qpf	/
Dorsal pneumatic foramen	dpf	/
Medial pneumatic foramen	mpf	Foramen pneumaticum basiorbitale
Posterior pneumatic foramen	ppf	Foramen pneumaticum caudomediale
Anterior pneumatic foramen	apf	Foramen pneumaticum rostromedial
Ventral pneumatic foramen	vpf	Foramen pneumaticum adventitium
Posterior pneumatic fossa	ppfo	/
Lateral pneumatic fossa	lpfo	/