Table 1.
Descriptive information on income inequality (GINI), life expectancy and infant mortality between 1987 and 2008 in 43 European countries
| Country | Gini indexa | Life expectancy at birth | All-cause mortality | Infant mortality | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years | N | Mean (SD) | Years | N | Mean (men) | Mean (women) | Years | N | Mean (men) | Mean (women) | Years | N | Mean | |
| Nordic countries | ||||||||||||||
| Denmark | 1987–2008 | 22 | 23.37 (0.28) | 1987–2006 | 20 | 73.81 | 78.90 | 1987–2006 | 20 | 993.57 | 656.05 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 5.55 |
| Finland | 1987–2008 | 22 | 23.25 (0.46) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 73.55 | 80.98 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 996.25 | 552.38 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 4.15 |
| Iceland | 1992–2008 | 17 | 24.77 (0.60) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 77.47 | 81.76 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 740.79 | 513.66 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 3.77 |
| Norway | 1987–2008 | 22 | 23.59 (0.20) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 75.66 | 81.36 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 865.36 | 530.08 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 4.82 |
| Sweden | 1987–2008 | 22 | 23.14 (0.29) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 76.82 | 81.89 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 795.45 | 506.83 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 4.15 |
| Britain and Ireland | ||||||||||||||
| Ireland | 1987–2008 | 22 | 31.98 (0.32) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 74.05 | 79.40 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1005.51 | 640.92 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 6.13 |
| United Kingdom | 1987–2008 | 22 | 33.93 (0.29) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 74.93 | 79.95 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 912.91 | 599.70 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 6.30 |
| Continental Europe | ||||||||||||||
| Austria | 1987–2008 | 22 | 26.93 (0.45) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 74.62 | 80.81 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 919.51 | 558.54 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 5.82 |
| Belgium | 1987–2008 | 22 | 25.00 (0.41) | 1987–2005 | 15 | 73.68 | 80.31 | 1987–2005 | 15 | 991.75 | 573.11 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 5.97 |
| Luxembourg | 1987–2008 | 22 | 25.60 (0.35) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 74.20 | 80.76 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 957.18 | 560.91 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 5.66 |
| Germany (UnitedNations) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 27.15 (0.20) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 74.44 | 80.50 | 1990–2006 | 17 | 933.29 | 565.48 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 5.21 |
| Switzerland | 1987–2008 | 22 | 29.34 (0.44) | 1987–2007 | 21 | 76.40 | 82.55 | 1987–2007 | 21 | 794.44 | 469.89 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 5.08 |
| Netherlands | 1987–2008 | 22 | 25.47 (0.28) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 75.49 | 80.95 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 895.89 | 547.52 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 5.56 |
| Mediterranean countries | ||||||||||||||
| Cyprus | 1990–2008 | 19 | 25.77 (1.15) | 1987–2008 | 14 | 76.36 | 80.70 | 1999–2008 | 10 | 752.23 | 519.37 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 7.83 |
| France | 1987–2008 | 22 | 28.45 (0.19) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 75.13 | 82.93 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 850.94 | 453.08 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 5.27 |
| Greece | 1987–2008 | 22 | 33.40 (0.32) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 75.70 | 80.64 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 836.24 | 576.05 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 6.97 |
| Italy | 1987–2008 | 22 | 32.91 (0.33) | 1987–2008 | 20 | 75.66 | 81.92 | 1987–2008 | 20 | 849.39 | 501.79 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 6.01 |
| Malta | 2000–2008 | 9 | 27.97 (0.68) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 75.27 | 79.87 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 911.89 | 619.11 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 8.87 |
| Portugal | 1987–2008 | 22 | 33.76 (0.69) | 1987–2008 | 20 | 72.42 | 79.44 | 1987–2008 | 20 | 1046.94 | 623.32 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 7.60 |
| Spain | 1987–2008 | 22 | 32.26 (0.34) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 75.34 | 82.37 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 848.94 | 478.96 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 5.56 |
| Western Balkans | ||||||||||||||
| Albania | 1996–2008 | 13 | 30.25 (1.03) | 1987–2004 | 17 | 71.46 | 77.89 | 1987–2004 | 17 | 1131.47 | 665.42 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 28.41 |
| Bosnia–Hercegovina | 1991–2007 | 17 | 32.72 (1.41) | 1987–1991 | 5 | 69.51 | 75.19 | – | – | – | – | 1987–2008 | 22 | 16.79 |
| Croatia | 1987–2008 | 22 | 28.71 (0.69) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 69.64 | 77.30 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1326.29 | 775.23 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 8.62 |
| Montenegro | 2000–2008 | 9 | 31.22 (1.03) | 1987–2008 | 20 | 72.24 | 78.16 | 1987–2008 | 20 | 1050.29 | 695.24 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 13.89 |
| Serbia | 2002–2008 | 7 | 31.14 (1.04) | 1994–2008 | 13 | 69.98 | 75.28 | 1998–2008 | 11 | 1303.84 | 913.33 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 16.47 |
| Slovenia | 1987–2008 | 22 | 21.38 (0.56) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 71.54 | 79.33 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1153.23 | 639.76 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 6.00 |
| TFYR Macedonia | 1989–2008 | 20 | 33.56 (0.90) | 1987–2003 | 14 | 70.30 | 75.04 | 1991–2003 | 13 | 1224.10 | 864.51 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 22.61 |
| Central and Eastern Europe | ||||||||||||||
| Bulgaria | 1987–2008 | 22 | 26.18 (0.83) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 68.34 | 75.30 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1409.00 | 894.99 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 13.83 |
| Czech Republic | 1987–2008 | 22 | 23.96 (0.59) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 70.75 | 77.72 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1264.35 | 749.67 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 6.27 |
| Hungary | 1987–2008 | 22 | 28.30 (0.51) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 66.94 | 75.64 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1517.29 | 844.49 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 10.37 |
| Poland | 1987–2008 | 22 | 28.69 (0.41) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 68.76 | 77.43 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1346.58 | 738.32 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 11.30 |
| Romania | 1989–2008 | 20 | 27.68 (0.86) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 67.10 | 74.22 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1426.36 | 926.30 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 20.24 |
| Slovakia | 1987–2008 | 22 | 22.91 (0.82) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 68.92 | 77.27 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1353.97 | 753.51 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 9.50 |
| Former Soviet Union | ||||||||||||||
| Armenia | 1987–2008 | 22 | 34.60 (1.98) | 1987–2008 | 21 | 67.07 | 73.31 | 1987–2008 | 18 | 1306.84 | 886.44 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 37.10 |
| Azerbaijan | 1987–2008 | 22 | 32.82 (2.74) | 2007 | 1 | 71.33 | 76.25 | 1987–2007 | 19 | 1316.38 | 834.21 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 64.45 |
| Belarus | 1987–2008 | 22 | 25.69 (0.84) | 1987–2007 | 20 | 64.09 | 75.02 | 1987–2007 | 20 | 1745.40 | 886.54 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 12.51 |
| Estonia | 1987–2008 | 22 | 32.37 (1.13) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 65.05 | 76.06 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1625.19 | 806.74 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 11.73 |
| Georgia | 1987–2008 | 22 | 39.73 (2.04) | 1987–2006 | 20 | 66.56 | 74.10 | 1987–2001 | 14 | 1217.00 | 734.36 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 36.48 |
| Latvia | 1987–2008 | 22 | 29.94 (1.13) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 64.14 | 75.18 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1687.41 | 850.63 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 11.74 |
| Lithuania | 1987–2008 | 22 | 30.67 (0.95) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 65.58 | 76.58 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1516.67 | 760.50 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 10.49 |
| Republic of Moldova | 1987–2008 | 22 | 35.74 (1.53) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 64.24 | 71.57 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1771.57 | 1141.94 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 23.84 |
| Russian Federation | 1987–2008 | 22 | 37.36 (1.53) | 1987–2008 | 22 | 60.60 | 72.85 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 1991.94 | 983.64 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 19.29 |
| Ukraine | 1987–2008 | 22 | 29.14 (1.69) | 1987–2008 | 21 | 63.08 | 73.20 | 1987–2008 | 21 | 1792.63 | 959.86 | 1987–2008 | 22 | 15.62 |
aN: number of available observations in the study period; SD: standard error of the Gini index within each country over time