Table 2.
Linear regression coefficients of GINI from pooled cross-sectional analyses linking income inequality and population health measured by life expectancy and mortality, pooled 43 European countries 1987–2008
| Outcomes | Men | Women | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Life expectancy |
−0.0820
(−0.130, −0.034) |
−0.2590
(−0.317, −0.201) |
−0.0371
(−0.065, −0.010) |
−0.0901
(−0.122, −0.058) |
| All causes | 0.0001 (−0.003, 0.004) |
0.0128
(0.009, 0.017) |
−0.0014 (−0.004, 0.001) |
0.0056
(0.003, 0.008) |
| All circulatory disease | −0.0030 (−0.007, 0.001) |
0.0109
(0.005, 0.016) |
−0.0020 (−0.006, 0.002) |
0.0110
(0.006, 0.016) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 0.0022 (−0.005, 0.009) |
0.0156
(0.007, 0.024) |
0.0006 (−0.007, 0.009) |
0.0119
(0.003, 0.021) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.0056 (−0.001, 0.012) |
0.0203
(0.013, 0.027) |
0.0098
(0.004, 0.016) |
0.0235
(0.017, 0.030) |
| All cancers |
−0.0066
(−0.010, −0.003) |
0.0045
(0.002, 0.007) |
−0.0055
(−0.010, −0.001) |
0.0102
(0.007, 0.014) |
| Cancer of lung | −0.0058 (−0.012, 0.00002) |
0.0148
(0.010, 0.020) |
−0.0197
(−0.026, −0.013) |
−0.0213
(−0.030, −0.012) |
| Cancer of breast | 0.0015 (−0.003, 0.006) |
0.0032 (−0.001, 0.007) |
||
| All infectious disease |
0.0349
(0.026, 0.043) |
0.0463
(0.036, 0.057) |
0.0205
(0.014, 0.027) |
0.0130
(0.006, 0.020) |
| Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis | 0.0003 (−0.013, 0.014) |
0.0006 (−0.021, 0.022) |
0.0119 (−0.001, 0.025) |
0.0034 (−0.014, 0.021) |
| All external causes | −0.0017 (−0.011, 0.008) |
0.0301
(0.020, 0.041) |
−0.0086
(−0.017, −0.001) |
0.0162
(0.008, 0.024) |
| Motor vehicle accidents | 0.0053 (−0.004, 0.015) |
0.0381
(0.029, 0.048) |
0.0010 (−0.008, 0.010) |
0.0293
(0.020, 0.038) |
| Suicide |
−0.0375
(−0.053, −0.022) |
0.0070 (−0.006, 0.020) |
−0.0443
(−0.057, −0.031) |
−0.0139
(−0.026, −0.002) |
| Signs, symptoms and ill-defined |
0.0249
(0.008, 0.042) |
0.0455
(0.21, 0.070) |
0.0234
(0.004, 0.042) |
0.0377
(0.011, 0.065) |
| Homicide |
0.0175
(0.001, 0.034) |
0.0584
(0.039, 0.078) |
−0.0089 (−0.024, 0.006) |
0.0256
(0.008, 0.043) |
| Infant | ||||
| Infant mortality |
0.0216
(0.015, 0.028) |
0.0166
(0.012, 0.021) |
||
Bold values indicate significant results at the 95 % confidence level
aModel 1 includes Gini index (95 % confidence interval in parentheses, based on robust standard errors), year dummies and log (gdp)
bModel 2 additionally adds democracy index, education, independence, armed conflict and economic freedom