Table 3.
Linear regression coefficients of GINI from fixed effects models linking income inequality and population health measured by life expectancy and mortality, 43 European countries 1987–2008
| Outcomes | Men | Women | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Life expectancy | −0.0754 (−0.178, 0.027) |
−0.0811 (−0.174, 0.012) |
−0.0049 (−0.071, 0.061) |
−0.0361 (−0.077, 0.005) |
| All causes | 0.0054 (−0.0005, 0.011) |
0.0044 (−0.001, 0.010) |
0.00002 (−0.005, 0.005) |
0.0020 (−0.002, 0.006) |
| All circulatory diseases | 0.0063 (−0.003, 0.015) |
0.0022 (−0.005, 0.010) |
0.0022 (−0.006, 0.011) |
0.0010 (−0.004, 0.006) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 0.0060 (−0.003, 0.015) |
−0.0009 (−0.011, 0.009) |
0.0019 (−0.007, 0.011) |
−0.0044 (−0.015, 0.006) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.0061 (−0.004, 0.017) |
0.0036 (−0.005, 0.013) |
0.0029 (−0.008, 0.014) |
0.0034 (−0.005, 0.011) |
| All cancers | 0.0035 (−0.001, 0.008) |
0.0032 (−0.0001, 0.007) |
0.0051
(0.0001, 0.010) |
0.0036 (−0.001, 0.009) |
| Cancer of lung | 0.0030 (−0.002, 0.008) |
0.0018 (−0.006, 0.009) |
−0.0068 (−0.016, 0.003) |
−0.0052 (−0.016, 0.005) |
| Cancer of breast | 0.0061 (−0.003, 0.015) |
0.0035 (−0.003, 0.010) |
||
| All infectious diseases | 0.0068 (−0.008, 0.022) |
0.0235 (−0.009, 0.056) |
0.00005 (−0.015, 0.015) |
0.0126 (−0.013, 0.038) |
| Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis | 0.0153 (−0.004, 0.035) |
0.0086 (−0.015, 0.032) |
0.0153 (−0.007, 0.037) |
0.0015 (−0.021, 0.024) |
| All external causes |
0.0143
(0.0002, 0.028) |
0.0143
(0.001, 0.028) |
0.0078 (−0.007, 0.023) |
0.0158
(0.001, 0.031) |
| Motor vehicle accidents | 0.0091 (−0.007, 0.025) |
0.0048 (−0.009, 0.018) |
0.0109 (−0.004, 0.026) |
0.0054 (−0.009, 0.020) |
| Suicide | 0.0051 (−0.007, 0.017) |
0.0104 (−0.0003, 0.021) |
−0.0009 (−0.015, 0.013) |
0.0127 (−0.001, 0.027) |
| Signs, symptoms and ill-defined | 0.0219 (−0.011, 0.055) |
0.0338 (−0.003, 0.070) |
0.0078 (−0.029, 0.045) |
0.0290 (−0.007, 0.065) |
| Homicide |
0.0285
(0.008, 0.049) |
0.0171 (−0.002, 0.036) |
0.0147 (−0.004, 0.033) |
0.0066 (−0.009, 0.022) |
| Infant | ||||
| Infant mortality | −0.0023 (−0.007, 0.002) |
−0.0498 (−0.130, 0.031) |
||
Bold values indicate significant results at the 95 % confidence level
aModel 1 includes Gini index (95 % confidence interval in parentheses, based on clustered standard errors), year dummies, log (gdp) and country fixed effects
bModel 2 additionally adds democracy index, education, independence, armed conflict and economic freedom