Fig. 5.

Effect of treadmill training on temporal characteristics of locomotion. A: duration of the swing phase of locomotion averaged by group in trained and untrained rats before (baseline) and weekly throughout the recovery period. Schematic representation of the swing phase of locomotion demarcated by the foot lift and contact (up and down arrows, respectively) and the movement direction are given above the graph. B: duration of the F subphase of the swing (flexion part) expressed in % of the whole swing duration. C: duration of the E1 subphase of the swing (extension part) expressed in % of the whole swing duration. D: duration of the foot drag period on the treadmill belt during the swing phase of locomotion. E: duration of the period with no movement of the hindlimb, named the “off period,” before the onset of the swing phase. F: individual CV (step-to-step variability expressed in %) of the whole step cycle duration and averaged in trained and untrained rats. Data were recorded at 14 m/min and are expressed as means ± SE. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, compared with group average baseline; ⁺P ≤ 0.05, ⁺⁺P ≤ 0.01, ⁺⁺⁺P ≤ 0.001, for comparison between experimental groups at the same time point after SCI.