Table 1.
Characteristics of the study patients.
| Overall (N = 870) |
CKD−
(N = 468) |
CKD+
(n = 402) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 60.3 (9.6) | 57.9 (8.7) | 62.9 (9.8) | <0.0001 |
| Male sex | 348 (40.0%) | 180 (38.5%) | 168 (41.8%) | 0.318 |
| Education (yr) | 7.9 (3.2) | 8.2 (3.0) | 7.5 (3.3) | 0.001 |
| Smoker (%) | 130 (15.0%) | 68 (14.6%) | 62 (15.5%) | 0.711 |
| Height (cm) | 163.6 (7.8) | 164.0 (7.7) | 163.2 (7.9) | 0.113 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.3 (14.1) | 73.4 (14.4) | 73.2 (13.8) | 0.877 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3 (4.6) | 27.2 (4.8) | 27.4 (4.5) | 0.493 |
| WC (cm) | 98.1 (9.1) | 96.9 (8.7) | 99.4 (9.4) | <0.0001 |
| WHR | 0.96 (0.06) | 0.96 (0.06) | 0.97 (0.06) | <0.0001 |
| Time since diagnosis of T2D (months) | 9.9 (7.1) | 8.6 (6.8) | 11.4 (7.2) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 489 (56.2%) | 229 (48.9%) | 260 (64.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136.8 (15.6) | 133.8 (14.2) | 140.2 (16.4) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 83.6 (8.9) | 82.9 (8.2) | 84.5 (9.5) | 0.006 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 9.6 (4.4) | 9.0 (3.0) | 10.3 (5.5) | <0.0001 |
| PBG (mmol/L) | 13.0 (4.1) | 12.4 (3.9) | 13.7 (4.2) | <0.0001 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.46 (1.55) | 1.39 (1.81) | 1.55 (1.18) | 0.0003 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.7 (2.6) | 5.5 (1.3) | 5.8 (3.6) | 0.049 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 8.1 (1.9) | 7.8 (1.7) | 8.4 (2.0) | <0.0001 |
Data were presented as mean (SD) or N (%).
SD: standard deviation; CKD−: T2D patients without CKD; CKD+: T2D patients with CKD; CKD: chronic kidney disease; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; T2D: type 2 diabetes; FBG: fasting blood glucose; PBG: postprandial blood glucose.