Table 4.
Appetite sensations at the first (T = 1) and fourth (T = 4) feeding weeks in men and womena.
| Men (n = 38) | Women (n = 32) | Timeb | Gender-by-timeb | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T = 1 | T = 4 | T = 1 | T = 4 | |||||||
| Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | P value | P value | |
| Mean appetite ratings before meals (mm) | ||||||||||
| Desire to eat | 87.7 | 5.1 | 97.3 | 5.1 | 94.0 | 5.6 | 99.0 | 5.6 | 0.01 | 0.41 |
| Hunger | 87.4 | 5.1 | 92.7 | 5.2 | 91.4 | 5.7 | 96.5 | 5.6 | 0.08 | 0.97 |
| Fullness | 51.6 | 5.0 | 45.5 | 5.0 | 46.1 | 5.6 | 43.8 | 5.5 | 0.17 | 0.53 |
| Prospective food consumption | 87.3 | 3.9 | 101.6∗ | 3.9 | 95.0 | 4.4 | 98.4 | 4.3 | 0.002 | 0.04 |
| Appetite score | 90.2 | 4.3 | 99.1 | 4.3 | 96.0 | 4.8 | 100.4 | 4.7 | 0.009 | 0.36 |
| Mean appetite ratings after meals (mm) | ||||||||||
| Desire to eatc | 14.1 | 2.4 | 20.2 | 2.4 | 14.9 | 2.8 | 12.1 | 2.7 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
| Hungerc | 11.5 | 2.3 | 18.2 | 2.3 | 11.8 | 2.6 | 11.2 | 2.6 | 0.01 | 0.12 |
| Fullness | 124.6 | 3.4 | 122.8 | 3.4 | 131.1 | 3.8 | 129.8 | 3.7 | 0.48 | 0.91 |
| Prospective food consumptionc | 16.5 | 2.4 | 22.3 | 2.4 | 10.0 | 2.7 | 11.2 | 2.6 | 0.13 | 0.46 |
| Appetite scorec | 16.9 | 2.3 | 22.1 | 2.3 | 13.9 | 2.6 | 13.7 | 2.5 | 0.12 | 0.41 |
| Mean satiety quotient (mm/100 kcal) | 7.0 | 0.6 | 7.1 | 0.6 | 10.5 | 0.7 | 9.8 | 0.7 | 0.56 | 0.10 |
∗Increase in prospective food consumption was observed only in men, P = 0.0007.
aThere was no meal type by time effect for any of the appetite sensations for which a time or gender-by-time interaction was found. Consequently, all data are provided as estimated means of all meals combined from the linear mixed-effects model with their standard errors.
bStatistical analyses were performed with MIXED procedures.
cStatistical analysis was performed on transformed values.