Table 8.
Summary of measurements included in the study with landmarks
| Measurement (mm) | Tool | Point A | Point B |
|---|---|---|---|
| M1 | Callipers | Occipital protuberance | Medial nose-mouth transition |
| M2 | Callipers | Occipital protuberance | Stop (point of transition from cranial to facial skeleton) |
| M3 | Tape measure | Occipital protuberance | Stop |
| M4 | Ruler | Stop | End of muzzle |
| M5 | Tape measure | Most rostral point caudal to zygomatic arch on one side | Most rostral point caudal to zygomatic arch on the other side |
| M6 | Callipers | Most rostral point caudal to zygomatic arch on one side | Most rostral point caudal to zygomatic arch on the other side |
| M7 | Callipers | Zygomatic arch on one side | Zygomatic arch on the other side (the widest point) |
| M8 | Callipers | Occipital protuberance | Point of wing of atlas |
| M9 | Callipers | Lateral canthus of one eye | Lateral canthus of the other eye |
| M10 | Callipers | Medial canthus of one eye | Medial canthus of the other eye |
| M11 | Tape measure | Most ventral point of thorax | Ground |
| M12 | Tape measure | Tuber ischium of the pelvis | Ground |
| M13 | Tape measure | Greater tubercle of the humerus | Tuber ischium of the pelvis |
| M14 | N/A | Eye conformational abnormalities, including strabismus, exophthalmos and exotropia determined by observation when dog looking forwards, left and right (Figure 9). | |