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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 23.
Published in final edited form as: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2015 Mar 13;2(3):403–413. doi: 10.1007/s40615-015-0087-x

Table 4.

Depressive symptoms, anxiety, and worse self-rated health among a national sample of first year medical students attending a stratified sample of 49 medical schools, by race, gender, and race × gender interaction

Bivariate
Multivariatea
RRb 95 % CI ARRb 95 % CI
Race
    Depressive symptomsc 1.29*** 1.12 to 2.12 1.59** 1.37 to 2.40
    Anxiety symptomsd 1.70* 1.09 to 2.40 1.66* 1.08 to 2.71
    Self-rated health 1.81 1.21 to 2.82 1.20 1.15 to 2.60
Gender
    Depressive symptomsc 1.32*** 1.22 to 2.12 1.36** 1.07 to 1.63
    Anxiety symptomsd 1.99** 1.09 to 2.40 1.95*** 1.39 to 2.84
    Self-rated health 0.99 755 to 1.32 1.00 788 to 1.60
Interaction effect of race×gender
    Depressive symptomsc
        African American female .55 49 to 1.12 .50* 40 to .62
    Anxiety symptomsd
        African American female .51* 50 to 1.44 .52* 44 to .74
    Self-rated health
        African American female 1.47 1.39 to 1.57 1.32 1.29 to 1.43

Data are provided by the Medical Student CHANGES Study. Social desirability bias and time in medical school were excluded from final models because they did not substantively change any of the coefficients. Estimates are weighted to account for probability of selection, stratification, and clustering

RR relative risk, CI confidence interval, ARR adjusted relative risk

*

p<.05

**

p<.01

***

p<.001

a

Multivariate analysis estimates adjusted for, age, gender, relationship status, parental status, SES (parental education, percentage of medical school financed by loans, family income)

b

Relative risks were estimated through Poisson regression model with a log link function

c

Depression score 1 SD (10 points) above PROMIS standardized general population mean score of 50

d

Anxiety score 2 SD (20 points) above PROMIS standardized general population mean score of 50