Table 4.

Depressive symptoms, anxiety, and worse self-rated health among a national sample of first year medical students attending a stratified sample of 49 medical schools, by race, gender, and race × gender interaction

	Bivariate		Multivariatea
	RRb	95 % CI	ARRb	95 % CI
Race
Depressive symptomsc	1.29***	1.12 to 2.12	1.59**	1.37 to 2.40
Anxiety symptomsd	1.70*	1.09 to 2.40	1.66*	1.08 to 2.71
Self-rated health	1.81	1.21 to 2.82	1.20	1.15 to 2.60
Gender
Depressive symptomsc	1.32***	1.22 to 2.12	1.36**	1.07 to 1.63
Anxiety symptomsd	1.99**	1.09 to 2.40	1.95***	1.39 to 2.84
Self-rated health	0.99	755 to 1.32	1.00	788 to 1.60
Interaction effect of race×gender
Depressive symptomsc
African American female	.55	49 to 1.12	.50*	40 to .62
Anxiety symptomsd
African American female	.51*	50 to 1.44	.52*	44 to .74
Self-rated health
African American female	1.47	1.39 to 1.57	1.32	1.29 to 1.43

Data are provided by the Medical Student CHANGES Study. Social desirability bias and time in medical school were excluded from final models because they did not substantively change any of the coefficients. Estimates are weighted to account for probability of selection, stratification, and clustering

RR relative risk, CI confidence interval, ARR adjusted relative risk

^*p<.05

^**p<.01

^***p<.001

^aMultivariate analysis estimates adjusted for, age, gender, relationship status, parental status, SES (parental education, percentage of medical school financed by loans, family income)

^bRelative risks were estimated through Poisson regression model with a log link function

^cDepression score 1 SD (10 points) above PROMIS standardized general population mean score of 50

^dAnxiety score 2 SD (20 points) above PROMIS standardized general population mean score of 50