Table 3.

Association between individual psychiatric disorders and mortality after prison release

	Model 1*	Model 2†	Model 3‡
All-cause mortality
Alcohol use disorder	2·11 (1·95–2·29)	1·85 (1·69–2·02)	1·62 (1·48–1·77)
Drug use disorder	2·25 (2·08–2·43)	1·90 (1·74–2·08)	1·67 (1·53–1·83)
Personality disorder	1·41 (1·24–1·61)	1·16 (1·00–1·34)	0·84 (0·72–0·98)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	1·81 (1·18–2·79)	1·37 (0·83–2·24)	1·12 (0·68–1·84)
Other developmental or childhood disorder	1·41 (1·08–1·85)	1·30 (0·98–1·73)	1·17 (0·88–1·56)
Schizophrenia-spectrum disorder	1·36 (1·12–1·64)	1·13 (0·92–1·40)	0·84 (0·68–1·04)
Bipolar disorder	1·41 (0·87–2·27)	1·18 (0·68–2·04)	0·94 (0·54–1·62)
Depression	1·31 (1·14–1·51)	1·20 (1·03–1·40)	0·99 (0·85–1·16)
Anxiety disorder	1·16 (1·01–1·33)	1·12 (0·97–1·30)	0·95 (0·82–1·10)
External-cause mortality
Alcohol use disorder	2·23 (1·97–2·53)	1·99 (1·73–2·28)	1·54 (1·34–1·78)
Drug use disorder	3·20 (2·85–3·59)	2·70 (2·37–3·07)	2·43 (2·13–2·78)
Personality disorder	1·92 (1·60–2·31)	1·53 (1·24–1·87)	1·01 (0·82–1·25)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	1·74 (1·04–2·91)	1·53 (0·88–2·65)	1·17 (0·67–2·03)
Other developmental or childhood disorder	1·38 (1·00–1·91)	1·23 (0·87–1·74)	1·08 (0·76–1·52)
Schizophrenia-spectrum disorder	1·77 (1·36–2·32)	1·43 (1·06–1·92)	0·93 (0·69–1·26)
Bipolar disorder	1·44 (0·65–3·22)	1·09 (0·41–2·92)	0·84 (0·31–2·24)
Depression	1·74 (1·41–2·14)	1·60 (1·27–2·01)	1·24 (0·99–1·57)
Anxiety disorder	1·19 (0·97–1·46)	1·11 (0·89–1·39)	0·89 (0·71–1·11)

Data are hazard ratios (95% CI).

^*Adjusted for age, sex, and immigration status.

^†In addition to covariates in model 1, adjusted for sociodemographic and criminological covariates.

^‡In addition to covariates in model 2, adjusted for alcohol and drug use disorder.