Table 1.
Characteristics | n | Mean | sd |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic and lifestyle | |||
Age (years) | 792 | 69·5 | 0·85 |
Male | 792 | ||
n | 383 | ||
% | 48·4 | ||
Age 11 IQ | 748 | 101·6 | 14·0 |
Education (full time, years) | 792 | 10·8 | 1·1 |
Occupational class | 776 | ||
I | |||
n | 147 | ||
% | 18·9 | ||
II | |||
n | 303 | ||
% | 39·0 | ||
IIIN | |||
n | 187 | ||
% | 24·1 | ||
IIIM | |||
n | 116 | ||
% | 14·9 | ||
IV and V* | |||
n | 23 | ||
% | 3·0 | ||
Smoking status | 792 | ||
Never smoker | |||
n | 383 | ||
% | 48·4 | ||
Ex-smoker | |||
n | 337 | ||
% | 42·6 | ||
Current smoker | |||
n | 72 | ||
% | 9·1 | ||
BMI | 791 | 27·4 | 4·1 |
Physical activity (d/month) | 779 | 7·88 | 8·1 |
CVD diagnosis | 792 | ||
n | 187 | ||
% | 23·6 | ||
Hypertension diagnosis | 792 | ||
n | 303 | ||
% | 38·3 | ||
Chol:HDL ratio | 685 | ||
< 3·5 | |||
n | 287 | ||
% | 41·9 | ||
3·5– < 5 | |||
n | 325 | ||
% | 47·4 | ||
≥ 5 | |||
n | 73 | ||
% | 10·7 | ||
Stroke diagnosis | 792 | ||
n | 28 | ||
% | 3·5 | ||
Diabetes diagnosis | 792 | ||
n | 57 | ||
% | 7·2 | ||
Plasma markers of inflammation | |||
CRP† | 766 | ||
Normal ( ≤ 3 mg/l) | |||
n | 448 | ||
% | 58·5 | ||
Elevated (>3 mg/l) | |||
n | 318 | ||
% | 41·5 | ||
Fibrinogen (g/l) | 770 | 3·2 | 0·58 |
Dietary intake | |||
Dietary patterns (factor scores)‡ | |||
Mediterranean dietary pattern | 792 | 0·01 | 0·99 |
Health-aware dietary pattern | 792 | 0·03 | 1·0 |
Fruit and vegetables (measures per d) | |||
Total fruit | 792 | 2·5 | 2·4 |
Total vegetables | 792 | 3·1 | 2·4 |
Total fruit and vegetables | 792 | 5·6 | 4·0 |
Flavonoid-rich foods (measures per d) | |||
Tea | 790 | 2·5 | 2·0 |
Red wine | 791 | 0·33 | 0·76 |
Chocolate | 790 | 0·55 | 0·70 |
Apples | 792 | 0·44 | 0·59 |
Citrus fruits | 792 | 0·41 | 0·58 |
Dietary flavonoids‡ | |||
Flavonols | 792 | 37·6 | 24·5 |
Flavones | 792 | 0·29 | 0·20 |
Catechins | 792 | 185·5 | 137·9 |
Proanthocyanidins | 792 | 52·6 | 34·3 |
Flavonones | 792 | 25·6 | 25·7 |
Dietary intakes (per d)‡ | |||
Vitamin C (mg) | 792 | 107·3 | 60·3 |
Vitamin E (μg) | 792 | 8·0 | 3·6 |
β-Carotene (μg) | 791 | 2778·0 | 2112·3 |
Zn (mg) | 792 | 8·8 | 2·8 |
Se (μg) | 792 | 48·2 | 19·2 |
Age 11 IQ, intelligent quotient at age 11 years; IIIN, non-manual; IIIM, manual; Chol:HDL ratio, cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein.
Occupational social classes IV and V were combined due to the small number of participants in each class.
Participants with a CRP measure >10 mg/l were excluded (n 90) to omit possible acute illness.
Adjusted for total energy intake.