Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936; n 792) (Number of participants; mean values and standard deviations; number of participants and percentages)
| Characteristics | n | Mean | sd |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and lifestyle | |||
| Age (years) | 792 | 69·5 | 0·85 |
| Male | 792 | ||
| n | 383 | ||
| % | 48·4 | ||
| Age 11 IQ | 748 | 101·6 | 14·0 |
| Education (full time, years) | 792 | 10·8 | 1·1 |
| Occupational class | 776 | ||
| I | |||
| n | 147 | ||
| % | 18·9 | ||
| II | |||
| n | 303 | ||
| % | 39·0 | ||
| IIIN | |||
| n | 187 | ||
| % | 24·1 | ||
| IIIM | |||
| n | 116 | ||
| % | 14·9 | ||
| IV and V* | |||
| n | 23 | ||
| % | 3·0 | ||
| Smoking status | 792 | ||
| Never smoker | |||
| n | 383 | ||
| % | 48·4 | ||
| Ex-smoker | |||
| n | 337 | ||
| % | 42·6 | ||
| Current smoker | |||
| n | 72 | ||
| % | 9·1 | ||
| BMI | 791 | 27·4 | 4·1 |
| Physical activity (d/month) | 779 | 7·88 | 8·1 |
| CVD diagnosis | 792 | ||
| n | 187 | ||
| % | 23·6 | ||
| Hypertension diagnosis | 792 | ||
| n | 303 | ||
| % | 38·3 | ||
| Chol:HDL ratio | 685 | ||
| < 3·5 | |||
| n | 287 | ||
| % | 41·9 | ||
| 3·5– < 5 | |||
| n | 325 | ||
| % | 47·4 | ||
| ≥ 5 | |||
| n | 73 | ||
| % | 10·7 | ||
| Stroke diagnosis | 792 | ||
| n | 28 | ||
| % | 3·5 | ||
| Diabetes diagnosis | 792 | ||
| n | 57 | ||
| % | 7·2 | ||
| Plasma markers of inflammation | |||
| CRP† | 766 | ||
| Normal ( ≤ 3 mg/l) | |||
| n | 448 | ||
| % | 58·5 | ||
| Elevated (>3 mg/l) | |||
| n | 318 | ||
| % | 41·5 | ||
| Fibrinogen (g/l) | 770 | 3·2 | 0·58 |
| Dietary intake | |||
| Dietary patterns (factor scores)‡ | |||
| Mediterranean dietary pattern | 792 | 0·01 | 0·99 |
| Health-aware dietary pattern | 792 | 0·03 | 1·0 |
| Fruit and vegetables (measures per d) | |||
| Total fruit | 792 | 2·5 | 2·4 |
| Total vegetables | 792 | 3·1 | 2·4 |
| Total fruit and vegetables | 792 | 5·6 | 4·0 |
| Flavonoid-rich foods (measures per d) | |||
| Tea | 790 | 2·5 | 2·0 |
| Red wine | 791 | 0·33 | 0·76 |
| Chocolate | 790 | 0·55 | 0·70 |
| Apples | 792 | 0·44 | 0·59 |
| Citrus fruits | 792 | 0·41 | 0·58 |
| Dietary flavonoids‡ | |||
| Flavonols | 792 | 37·6 | 24·5 |
| Flavones | 792 | 0·29 | 0·20 |
| Catechins | 792 | 185·5 | 137·9 |
| Proanthocyanidins | 792 | 52·6 | 34·3 |
| Flavonones | 792 | 25·6 | 25·7 |
| Dietary intakes (per d)‡ | |||
| Vitamin C (mg) | 792 | 107·3 | 60·3 |
| Vitamin E (μg) | 792 | 8·0 | 3·6 |
| β-Carotene (μg) | 791 | 2778·0 | 2112·3 |
| Zn (mg) | 792 | 8·8 | 2·8 |
| Se (μg) | 792 | 48·2 | 19·2 |
Age 11 IQ, intelligent quotient at age 11 years; IIIN, non-manual; IIIM, manual; Chol:HDL ratio, cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein.
*
Occupational social classes IV and V were combined due to the small number of participants in each class.
†
Participants with a CRP measure >10 mg/l were excluded (n 90) to omit possible acute illness.
‡
Adjusted for total energy intake.