Figure 3.

Bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide 28 (BMAP-28) activates caspase-3 and caspase-9 in TT cells. The TT cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of BMAP-28 (ranging from 0 to 4 µM) for 48 h and subjected to the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis for active caspase-3 and caspase-9, respectively. BMAP-28 exhibited an initial increase in the level of (A and B) active caspase-3 and (C and D) active caspase-9. The histogram overlays shown in (A) and (C) are representative of triplicates, and the combined results are presented in (B) and (D). BMAP-28 upregulated (E) caspase-3 and (F) caspase-9 gene expression (n=3; data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. control group).