Figure 1. Schematic representation of key steps in glutamine metabolism.

Black arrows denote chemical reactions and blue lines other effects, such as activation and down regulation. Key outputs of glutamine metabolism are shown in red. Abbreviations: GLS – kidney type Glutaminase, GDH – glutamate dehydrogenase. GPT – alanine aminotransferase, GOT – aspartate aminotransferase, ASNS – asparagine synthetase, α-KG – alpha ketoglutarate, OAA-oxaloacetate.