. 2015 Sep 22;15:224. doi: 10.1186/s12884-015-0645-6

Table 8.

Multivariate logistic GLMMs assessing risk factors for observed incidences of disrespect and abuse among maternity patients whose care was observed as part of the Heshima project at baseline (2011) and endline (2014) in 13 facilities in Kenya, n = 1,200*

	During examination			During Delivery			Postpartum
	Non-consented care^a	Verbal abuse^b	Lack of privacy^c	Physical aggression	Verbal aggression	Lack of privacy^d	Shared bed
	AOR (95 % CI)	AOR (95 % CI)	AOR (95 % CI)	AOR (95 % CI)	AOR (95 % CI)	AOR (95 % CI)	AOR (95 % CI)
Group
Baseline	Ref^e	Ref	Ref^e	Ref^e	Ref	Ref^e	Ref^e
Endline	3.29 (2.38 – 4.55)	0.78 (0.55 – 1.10)	0.24 (0.17 – 0.34)	0.12 (0.03 – 0.49)	0.71 (0.45 – 1.12)	0.31 (0.20 – 0.50)	1.57 (1.18 – 2.08)
Age (for each additional year)	0.99 (0.95 – 1.02) ^f	1.00 (0.96 – 1.04)	0.97 (0.94 – 1.01)	1.01 (0.91 – 1.11)	1.03 (0.98 – 1.09)	0.98 (0.93 – 1.03)	0.97 (0.94 – 1.01)
Parity
0	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
1-2	0.88 (0.63 – 1.24)	1.15 (0.78 – 1.70)	0.91 (0.64 – 1.29)	0.89 (0.36 – 2.18)	0.65 (0.40 – 1.07)	0.89 (0.53 – 1.50)	1.14 (0.83 – 1.56)
3+	1.22 (0.67 – 2.23)	1.00 (0.49 – 2.02)	1.15 (0.61 – 2.16)	0.57 (0.09 – 3.57)	0.48 (0.18 – 1.27)	1.16 (0.51 – 2.65)	1.44 (0.81 – 2.58)
Time of delivery
Day	Ref^f	Ref	Ref^e	Ref	Ref	Ref^e	Ref
Night	0.74 (0.53 – 1.02)	1.15 (0.81 – 1.64)	1.39 (1.01 – 1.92)	0.59 (0.23 – 1.50)	0.94 (0.60 – 1.49)	1.96 (1.21 – 3.18)	1.15 (0.87 – 1.52)
Facility sector
Government	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Private/Faith based	0.27 (0.04 – 2.02)	0.69 (0.12 – 3.98)	1.60 (0.28 – 9.20)	1.10 (0.12 – 10.19)	1.02 (0.24 – 4.44)	0.34 (0.01 – 8.51)	0.36 (0.03 – 4.81)
Voucher status
No vouchers	Ref^e	Ref	Ref	Ref^f	Ref^f	Ref	Ref^e
Vouchers	7.15 (1.08 – 47.34)	2.64 (0.52 – 13.31)	1.31 (0.13 – 13.03)	4.19 (0.81 – 21.74)	3.19 (0.91 – 11.19)	2.78 (0.15 – 53.26)	13.70 (1.32 – 141.96)

*Missing values < 11 %

^aNot obtaining permission or consent before vaginal exam

^bUse of harsh tones, shouting, or non-dignified language

^cNo partitions or partitions not closed

^dNot covered while being moved from per-labor ward to delivery room; not covered (excluding perineal area) during delivery; partitions not closed

^eStatistically significant at p < 0.05

^fStatistically significant at p < 0.10