Freshly sorted SIV-specific CD8+ T cells are more effective at eliminating Δnef-infected CD4+ T cells than Δnef-infected macrophages. (a to d) Contour plots representing intracellular p27 staining of MHC-I-matched target cells infected with WT- and Δnef virus as indicated. Contour plots were generated by gating on live CD8− T cells or live CD14+ macrophages, and data are from one representative experiment. (e) MHC-I-specific elimination in WT- and Δnef-infected target cells, including macrophages infected at a low MOI, after subtraction of MHC-I-mismatched nonspecific killing. The mean percent elimination of target cells is represented as a black line, and each data point represents an independent experiment. Macrophage cocultures were performed with Gag181–189 CM9-, Vif97–104WY8-, Vif66–73HW8-, or Vif100–109VL10-CD8+ T cells isolated from infected or vaccinated animals and used as effector cells. Cocultures used for the experiments shown in panels a and b or in panels c and d were completed with target cells from the same animal using the same effector cells. P values: ***, 0.0001 to 0.001; **, 0.001 to 0.01; *, 0.01 to 0.05.