Table 4.
Relative risk ratios from two-level multinomial logistic regression models of school socioeconomic composition on sexual initiation between two waves, by constituent socioeconomic measure of school and by gender, 2011–2013
| (1) Total | (2) Total | (3) Total | (4) Male | (5) Male | (6) Male | (7) Female | (8) Female | (9) Female | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Top 10% wealth index | 0.974** | 0.958*** | 0.984 | ||||||
| % Parent’s secondary school completed | 0.991 | 0.987 | 0.991 | ||||||
| % Father’s high occupational status | 0.986 | 0.981 | 0.980 | ||||||
| Individual-level | |||||||||
| Female | 0.598*** | 0.599*** | 0.599*** | ||||||
| Age | 1.274*** | 1.276*** | 1.276*** | 1.212*** | 1.217*** | 1.219*** | 1.373*** | 1.371*** | 1.371*** |
| Chewas (ref.) | |||||||||
| Tumbuka | 1.282 | 1.257 | 1.253 | 1.761 | 1.681 | 1.672 | 0.808 | 0.816 | 0.817 |
| Yao | 0.987 | 0.972 | 0.969 | 0.611 | 0.592 | 0.589 | 1.408 | 1.426 | 1.429 |
| Ngoni | 1.223 | 1.208 | 1.206 | 1.111 | 1.078 | 1.074 | 1.335 | 1.351 | 1.350 |
| Others | 1.216 | 1.199 | 1.195 | 1.871* | 1.802* | 1.795* | 0.629 | 0.639 | 0.639 |
| Math performance | 0.845* | 0.846* | 0.846* | 0.905 | 0.908 | 0.908 | 0.769* | 0.771* | 0.770* |
| Top 10% wealth index (CWC) | 0.697 | 0.608* | 0.894 | ||||||
| Parent’s secondary education completed (CWC) | 0.870 | 0.955 | 0.827 | ||||||
| Father’s high occupational status (CWC) | 0.768 | 0.600 | 0.953 | ||||||
| Top 10% wealth index | 0.685 | 0.683 | 0.588* | 0.586* | 0.888 | 0.890 | |||
| Parent’s secondary education completed | 0.876 | 0.868 | 0.970 | 0.953 | 0.817 | 0.826 | |||
| Father’s high occupational status | 0.771 | 0.768 | 0.607 | 0.602 | 0.944 | 0.945 | |||
| Both parents (ref.) | |||||||||
| Mother only | 0.946 | 0.943 | 0.942 | 0.934 | 0.926 | 0.926 | 0.950 | 0.959 | 0.955 |
| Father only | 0.762 | 0.759 | 0.759 | 1.188 | 1.178 | 1.177 | 0.250* | 0.249* | 0.249* |
| No parents | 0.702 | 0.696 | 0.695 | 0.856 | 0.836 | 0.833 | 0.588 | 0.596 | 0.594 |
| School-level | |||||||||
| Average class size | 0.993* | 0.996 | 0.995 | 0.995 | 0.999 | 0.998 | 0.991 | 0.993 | 0.992 |
| Rurality | 0.932 | 0.912 | 0.981 | 0.639 | 0.620 | 0.751 | 1.385 | 1.315 | 1.269 |
| Conventional Secondary School | 1.187 | 1.119 | 1.113 | 1.414 | 1.247 | 1.214 | 0.824 | 0.792 | 0.734 |
| % Have ever repeated | 1.027 | 1.027 | 1.027 | 0.989 | 0.990 | 0.993 | 1.063*** | 1.062** | 1.054** |
| % Satisfied with school | 0.991* | 0.990 | 0.990 | 0.986* | 0.985* | 0.985 | 0.997 | 0.998 | 0.998 |
| Mean study after school | 0.668 | 0.628 | 0.702 | 0.425* | 0.392* | 0.454 | 1.049 | 1.013 | 1.240 |
| Constant | 0.116 | 0.154 | 0.085 | 3.186 | 4.477 | 1.646 | 0.002* | 0.002* | 0.001* |
|
| |||||||||
| N (Schools) | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 |
| N (Students) | 7916 | 7916 | 7916 | 3950 | 3950 | 3950 | 3966 | 3966 | 3966 |
| Log-likelihood | −10464.80 | −10469.40 | −10470.99 | −5650.97 | −5655.29 | −5656.97 | −4674.47 | −4674.25 | −4673.34 |
CWC = centering within cluster
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01
***
p < 0.001