Table 4.

Overall impact of PI3K inhibitors on interferons.

Interferons	Physiologic function	Th skew	Phenotype in GBM	Phenotype with PI3K inhibition	Overall effect of PI3K inhibitors	Ref.
IFN-α	Proinflammatory	Th1, Th2	↓ IFN-α	↓ IFN-α	↓ Antitumor response	[56,58,59,62]
IFN-β	Proinflammatory	Th2	↓ IFN-β	↓ IFN-β; ↑ Glioma autophagy	↓ Antitumor response	[57,61,63,64]
IFN-γ	Proinflammatory	Th1	↓ IFN-γ	↓ IFN-γ	↓ Antitumor response	[9,15,28,30,36,43,50,55,65-71]

GBM: Glioblastoma.