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Overall impact of PI3K inhibitors on other immune effectors.
| Immune effectors | Physiologic function | Th skew | Phenotype in GBM | Phenotype with PI3K inhibition | Overall effect of PI3K inhibitors | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tregs | Anti-inflammatory | Th2 | ↑ Survival advantage | ↑ Survival advantage | ↓ Antitumor response | [14,27,73-80] |
| TGF-β | Anti-inflammatory | Th2 | ↑ TGF-β | ↓ TGF-β | ↑ Antitumor response | [54,76,78,81] |
GBM: Glioblastoma.
