TABLE 2.
Analysis of Frequency (per Five Minute Observation) of Individual Maternal Touch Behaviors
| A. Positive Touch | |||
|
| |||
| Positive Touch | Mothers of Males Mean (SD) |
Mothers of Females Mean (SD) |
F (4,25) |
|
| |||
| Caretaking | 6.25 (Infant Age)*** | ||
| 3-4 months† | 0.93 (0.67) | 1.83 (2.08) | 1.61 (Age×Sex)NS |
| 5-6 months†† | 0.88 (0.52) | 1.69 (0.92) | |
| 7-8 months | 0.81 (0.92) | 1.03 (0.92) | |
| 9-10 months | 0.53 (0.58) | 0.57 (0.42) | |
| 11-12 months | 0.47 (0.53) | 0.60 (0.62) | |
| Affectionate Touch | 7.23 (Infant Age)*** | ||
| 3-4 months | 5.86 (3.27) | 4.57 (4.67) | 0.57 (Age×Sex)NS |
| 5-6 months | 4.52 (1.22) | 4.31 (2.96) | |
| 7-8 months | 3.84 (2.95) | 2.77 (2.09) | |
| 9-10 months | 2.57 (2.01) | 2.10 (1.66) | |
| 11-12 months | 2.79 (3.20) | 1.43 (1.11) | |
|
| |||
| B. Stimulatory Touch | |||
|
| |||
| Stimulatory Touch | Mothers of Males Mean (SD) |
Mothers of Females Mean (SD) |
F (4,25) |
|
| |||
| Lift Up | 8.23 (Infant Age)*** | ||
| 3-4 months† | 1.37 (1.53) | 0.37 (0.50) | 4.19 (Age×Sex)** |
| 5-6 months | 0.94 (1.14) | 0.40 (0.54) | |
| 7-8 months† | 0.49 (0.57) | 0.13 (0.21) | |
| 9-10 months | 0.16 (0.21) | 0.50 (1.06) | |
| 11-12 months | 0.14 (0.19) | 0.10 (0.26) | |
| Rock-Jiggle | |||
| 3-4 months | 1.90 (1.94) | 1.19 (2.17) | |
| 5-6 months | 2.53 (1.96) | 1.77 (1.76) | |
| 7-8 months | 0.69 (0.69) | 0.88 (1.02) | |
| 9-10 months | 0.41 (0.53) | 0.35 (0.57) | |
| 11-12 months | 0.43 (0.79) | 0.39 (0.59) | |
| Gross Motor | 7.71 (Infant Age)NS | ||
| 3-4 months | 1.90 (1.94) | 1.19 (2.17) | 0.41 (Age×Sex)NS |
| 5-6 months | 2.53 (1.96) | 1.77 (1.76) | |
| 7-8 months | 0.69 (0.69) | 0.88 (1.02) | |
| 9-10 months | 0.41 (0.53) | 0.35 (0.57) | |
| 11-12 months | 0.43 (0.79) | 0.39 (0.59) | |
|
| |||
| C. Instrumental Touch | |||
|
| |||
| Instrumental Touch | Mothers of Males Mean (SD) |
Mothers of Females Mean (SD) |
F (4,25) |
|
| |||
| Assist-Shift | 17.63 (Infant Age)*** | ||
| 3-4 months†† | 5.87 (2.28) | 3.32 (2.72) | 1.79 (Age×Sex)NS |
| 5-6 months | 5.02 (2.54) | 3.42 (1.67) | |
| 7-8 months† | 3.62 (1.86) | 2.29 (1.38) | |
| 9-10 months | 1.69 (0.89) | 1.42 (1.50) | |
| 11-12 months† | 3.21 (2.51) | 1.49 (1.54) | |
| Assist-Hold | 15.18 (Infant Age)*** | ||
| 3-4 months†† | 9.71 (5.09) | 4.80 (4.91) | 3.39 (Sex×Age)** |
| 5-6 months | 8.28 (4.33) | 5.66 (4.52) | |
| 7-8 months | 4.71 (3.32) | 5.24 (4.85) | |
| 9-10 months | 2.22 (1.85) | 2.18 (1.77) | |
| 11-12 months | 2.77 (2.46) | 2.30 (3.32) | |
| Fine Motor | 1.26 (Infant Age)NS | ||
| 3-4 months | 0.36 (0.49) | 0.88 (1.72) | 0.32 (Age×Sex)NS |
| 5-6 months | 0.29 (0.34) | 0.75 (1.54) | |
| 7-8 months | 0.17 (0.31) | 0.25 (0.41) | |
| 9-10 months | 0.14 (0.19) | 0.17 (0.29) | |
| 11-12 months | 0.25 (0.31) | 0.29 (0.68) | |
|
| |||
††
p > .001 < .01
†
p > .01 < .05
***
p ≤ .001
**
p < .01