Summary of expression of FGF signaling molecules during gastrulation and planula development in N. vectensis. During gastrulation (a), FGF ligands are expressed at the blastopore and in invaginating endoderm (NvFGFA8) and at the aboral pole (NvFGF1A). An FGF receptor NvFGFRa is also expressed at the aboral pole in a slightly broader domain than that of the ligand NvFGF1A. NvSprouty, a potential downstream target and known inhibitor of the pathway, is expressed in oral and aboral domains coincident with ligand and receptor localization. During planula development (b), FGF ligands, receptors, and an inhibitor continue to show restricted expression orally in the pharynx (NvFGF8A, NvFGFRb, NvChurchill and NvSprouty) and at the base of the apical tuft in endoderm (NvFGFRb, NvFGF8A, NvFGF8B, and NvSprouty) and ectoderm (NvFGF1A, NvFGFRa, NvFGF8A, and NvSprouty). The expression profiles of FGF pathway genes suggest a role in both gastrulation and the induction of a known neural structure, the planula's apical tuft