Table 2. EBV and H. pylori association with advanced stages of gastric disease.
|
Gastric lesion |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gastric cancer |
|||||
| IgG titres | NAGa | Premalignant lesions | Intestinal | Diffuse | Total GC |
| Total, M+P | n=225 | n=186 | n=50 | n=64 | n=114 |
|
EBV | |||||
| Positive, n (%) | 207 (92) | 182 (97.9) | 50 (100) | 58 (90.6) | 108 (94.7) |
| Pb | 0.009 | 0.039 | 0.489 | 0.375 | |
| ORc (95% CI) | 3.5 (1.1–10.8) | ∞ | 0.7 (0.2–2.1) | 1.2 (0.4–3.4) | |
| P for trendd | 0.003 | 0.577 | 0.163 | ||
|
HP | |||||
| Positive, n (%) | 193 (85.8) | 166 (89.3) | 40 (80) | 60 (93.8) | 100 (87.7) |
| Pb | 0.319 | 0.352 | 0.099 | 0.652 | |
| ORc (95% CI) | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | 0.9 (0.3–2.5) | 3.2 (1.01–10.9) | 1.6 (0.7–3.5) | |
| P for trendd | 0.756 | 0.068 | 0.493 | ||
|
CagA | |||||
| Positive, n (%) | 157 (69.8) | 147 (79) | 28 (56) | 50 (78.1) | 78 (68.4) |
| Pb | 0.067 | 0.150 | 0.256 | 0.827 | |
| ORc (95% CI) | 1.8 (1.1–3.0) | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | 1.8 (0.9–3.9) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | |
| P for trendd | 0.647 | 0.052 | 0.824 | ||
Abbreviations: CagA=cytotoxin-associated gene A; CI=confidence interval; EBV=Epstein–Barr virus; GC=gastric cancer; HP=Helicobacter pylori; IgG=immunoglobulin G; M+P=total patients, Mexico+Paraguay; NAG=nonatrophic gastritis; OR=odds ratio.
Numbers in bold denote statistical significance (P<0.05).
a
Used as control group.
b
Proportion test for positive samples.
c
OR adjusted for age and sex.
d
The χ2 for trend of positives (%) found from nonatrophic gastritis (NAG) to premalignant lesion to cancer.