Table 2. Observed (uncorrected) and lead time bias corrected median survival times and cumulative survival following hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis among patients with viral hepatitis by different timing of ultrasonographic surveillance (N = 1,483).
| Screening | N (%) | Median survival, days(95% CI) | 1-year survival(%) (95% CI) | 3-year survival(%) (95% CI) | 5-year survival(%) (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncorrected for lead time bias | |||||
| Routine surveillance * | 302 (20.36) | 821 (643, 1105) | 74.56 (69.01, 79.27) | 44.54 (38.33, 50.57) | 33.42 (27.27, 39.66) |
| Inconsistent screening | 641 (43.22) | 652 (580, 770) | 64.72 (60.78, 68.37) | 37.52 (33.50, 41.54) | 23.28 (19.53, 27.22) |
| No screening | 540 (36.41) | 478 (371, 523) | 54.67 (50.25, 58.87) | 29.88 (25.77, 34.09) | 20.67 (16.86, 24.74) |
| Corrected for lead time bias | |||||
| Sojourn time = 42 days | |||||
| Routine surveillance * | 302 (20.36) | 779 (601, 1063) | 71.46 (65.73, 76.41) | 42.61 (36.41, 48.67) | 32.68 (26.53, 38.95) |
| Inconsistent screening | 641 (43.22) | 610 (525, 728) | 62.09 (58.09, 65.82) | 36.63 (32.61, 40.64) | 22.38 (18.67, 26.31) |
| Sojourn time = 70 days | |||||
| Routine surveillance * | 302 (20.36) | 751 (573, 1035) | 70.26 (64.46, 75.29) | 42.58 (36.38, 48.64) | 31.93 (25.77, 38.24) |
| Inconsistent screening | 641 (43.22) | 582 (497, 697) | 60.67 (56.65, 64.44) | 35.74 (31.74, 39.75) | 22.36 (18.65, 26.29) |
| Sojourn time = 121 days | |||||
| Routine surveillance * | 302 (20.36) | 701 (525, 978) | 66.63 (60.67, 71.91) | 41.08 (34.9, 47.16) | 31.87 (25.72, 38.17) |
| Inconsistent screening | 641 (43.22) | 531 (451, 647) | 58.85 (54.8, 62.67) | 34.80 (30.82, 38.81) | 20.49 (16.84, 24.39) |
| Sojourn time = 140 days | |||||
| Routine surveillance * | 302 (20.36) | 679 (500, 959) | 65.81 (59.81, 71.13) | 41.05 (34.86, 47.12) | 31.84 (25.69, 38.14) |
| Inconsistent screening | 641 (43.22) | 515 (431, 630) | 58.29 (54.23, 62.12) | 34.77 (30.79, 38.77) | 20.47 (16.83, 24.36) |
| Sojourn time = 180 days | |||||
| Routine surveillance * | 302 (20.36) | 646 (472, 921) | 65.32 (59.29, 70.68) | 40.97 (34.79, 47.04) | 31.78 (25.64, 38.07) |
| Inconsistent screening | 641 (43.22) | 487 (407, 594) | 56.11 (52.03, 59.99) | 34.01 (30.04, 38.02) | 20.10 (16.48, 23.99) |
| Sojourn time = 614 days | |||||
| Routine surveillance * | 302 (20.36) | 470 (363, 622) | 55.84 (49.54, 61.68) | 34.76 (28.64, 40.95) | 22.76 (16.57, 29.56) |
| Inconsistent screening | 641 (43.22) | 371 (310, 432) | 50.12 (45.97, 54.13) | 26.92 (23.09, 30.88) | 14.76 (11.42, 18.50) |
CI, confidence interval.
*Includes 1 screen annually for 2 years before HCC diagnosis (n = 285) and ≥2 screens annually for 2 years before HCC diagnosis (n = 17).