Table 4.

Short-term adverse neonatal outcomes before and after expansion of midwifery and laborist services

	PRIVATELY INSURED WOMEN (change to a 24-hour laborist/midwifery model in 2011)			PUBLICLY INSURED WOMEN (24 hour laborist/midwifery model during all years of observation)
	Before Expansion N=1649	After Expansion N=749	p value	Before Expansion N=420	After Expansion N=220	p value
Composite adverse neonatal outcome*	1.3% (n=21)	2.3% (n=17)	0.07	2.7% (n=47)	2.5% (n=18)	0.84
Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	1.80 (0.94 – 3.43)		0.07	0.95 (0.55 – 1.64)		0.84
Adjusted OR** (95% CI)	1.47 (0.57 – 3.75)		0.42	0.72 (0.30 – 1.71)		0.45

^*Composite neonatal outcome includes 5 minute APGAR <7, umbilical artery pH<7.0, umbilical artery base excess >12.

^**Adjusted for: maternal age, race/ethnicity, parity, education, gestational age, epidural, induction of labor, maternal medical complication, birth weight, delivery year, and with an interaction term for group.