Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants and Correlates of 1-Month Adherence to Varenicline
| M ± SD, N (%)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline variable | Total, N = 127b | Adherence N = 71 | Nonadherence N = 56 | P c |
| Age | 46.94±9.75 | 47.21±10.35 | 46.58±9.00 | .720 |
| Gender | 1.000 | |||
| Female | 17 (13.4%) | 10 (14.1%) | 7 (12.5%) | |
| Male | 106 (83.5%) | 59 (83.1%) | 47 (83.9%) | |
| Transgender | 4 (3.1%) | 2 (2.8%) | 2 (2.8%) | |
| Education | .003 | |||
| <HS | 27 (21.3%) | 12 (16.9%) | 15 (26.8%) | |
| HS degree or General Equivalency Diploma | 36 (28.3%) | 22 (31.0%) | 14 (25.0%) | |
| Some college | 39 (30.7%) | 16 (22.5%) | 23 (41.1%) | |
| College or post-graduate degree | 25 (19.7%) | 21 (29.6%) | 4 (7.1%) | |
| Race/ethnicity | .008 | |||
| Non-Hispanic African American/black | 61 (48.0%) | 30 (42.3%) | 31 (55.4%) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 17 (13.4%) | 15 (21.1%) | 2 (3.6%) | |
| Other non-Hispanic | 6 (4.7%) | 5 (7.0%) | 1 (1.8%) | |
| Hispanic of any race | 43 (33.9%) | 21 (29.6%) | 22 (39.3%) | |
| DUDIT | 4.22±6.60 | 3.78±6.86 | 4.77±6.28 | .409 |
| AUDIT-C | 1.81±1.84 | 1.62±1.74 | 2.05±1.95 | .191 |
| Baseline number of cigarettes per day | 15.03±9.56 | 14.93±8.44 | 15.16±10.89 | .896 |
| Time to first cigarette | .183 | |||
| 5 minutes or less after waking | 68 (53.5%) | 33 (46.5%) | 35 (62.5%) | |
| 6–30 minutes after waking | 43 (33.9%) | 27 (38.0%) | 16 (28.6%) | |
| >30 minutes after waking | 16 (12.6%) | 11 (15.5%) | 5 (8.9%) | |
| Quit attempts for ≥24 hours in last year | 2.01±5.27 | 2.07±6.13 | 1.93±3.96 | .881 |
| dHIV antiretroviral meds taken past 4 weeks (mean VAS score) | 9.22±1.99 | 9.49±1.52 | 8.87±2.44 | .101 |
| eBeliefs and attitudes about varenicline | 4.35 ± .59 | 4.39 ± .59 | 4.29 ± .59 | .360 |
| Adherence self-efficacy (MASES and ASES) | 56.72±8.60 | 58.46±7.76 | 54.52±9.17 | .010 |
| Varenicline Information Scale (LW-IMB-AAQ) | 34.96±4.24 | 35.63±3.83 | 34.11±4.61 | .044 |
AAQ = Adherence Assessment Questionnaire; AUDIT-C = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption; DUDIT = Drug Use Disorders Identification Test; HS = high school; IMB = information-motivation-behavioral skills; LW = Life Windows; MASES = Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale; VAS = visual analogue scale. Bold values represent significant associations (P < .05) between independent and and dependent variables.
aValues are presented as means with standard deviations or ns with percentages in each column.
b131 participants completed the week 4 study visit. Four subjects were excluded from analysis because of either missing data from the IMB measures or because of a varenicline associated side effect for which continued varenicline is contradicted.
c T tests were used for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact tests were used for categorical variables, with the exception of the time to first cigarette variables where chi-square analysis was conducted.
dVAS score was 0%–100% and coded as 1–10
eMean score was used for beliefs and attitudes about Varenicline scale and sum scores for MMAS-4, Adherence Self-Efficacy (MASES and ASES combined) and Varenicline Information Scale.