Table 5.
Structural Predictors for Transitions From Time 1 to Time 2, Controlled for Clustering at Family Level
| Predictors | Transition occurring (n = 522) | Into behaviorally ambivalent type (n = 461) | Out of a low involvement type (n = 361) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE B | OR | B | SE B | OR | B | SE B | OR | |
| Events occurring between T1 and T2 | |||||||||
| Grandchild born (1 = yes) | −0.249 | 0.317 | 0.780 | −0.760 | 0.778 | 0.468 | −1.024 | 0.889 | 0.359 |
| Child married (1 = yes) | −0.716 | 0.574 | 0.489 | −1.815† | 1.054 | 0.163 | 0.112 | 1.094 | 1.118 |
| Child divorced (1 = yes) | −0.001 | 0.565 | 0.999 | −1.663† | 0.854 | 0.190 | −1.469 | 1.059 | 0.230 |
| Parent widowed (1 = yes) | 0.764* | 0.378 | 2.147 | 0.910 | 0.605 | 2.484 | 1.239† | 0.676 | 3.451 |
| Child into paid employment (1 = yes) | −0.241 | 0.607 | 0.786 | −2.534* | 1.124 | 0.079 | −1.579 | 1.156 | 0.206 |
| Child out of paid employment (1 = yes) | 0.912* | 0.432 | 2.489 | 1.832** | 0.609 | 6.243 | 1.682* | 0.801 | 5.377 |
| Parent into paid employment (1 = yes) | 0.295 | 0.544 | 1.344 | 0.679 | 1.140 | 1.971 | 1.185 | 1.072 | 3.271 |
| Parent out of paid employment (1 = yes) | 0.222 | 0.430 | 1.249 | 0.017 | 0.815 | 1.017 | 0.042 | 0.903 | 1.042 |
| Parent retired (1 = yes) | −0.129 | 0.369 | 0.879 | −0.092 | 0.740 | 0.912 | 0.114 | 0.762 | 1.121 |
| Decline of parent’s health | −0.204 | 0.135 | 0.815 | 0.427* | 0.204 | 1.532 | 0.650* | 0.288 | 1.916 |
| Improvement of parent’s health | 0.038 | 0.221 | 1.039 | −0.708 | 0.538 | 0.493 | −0.918 | 0.580 | 0.400 |
| Decrease in geographic distance | 0.507** | 0.169 | 1.660 | 1.087** | 0.240 | 2.966 | 2.029* | 0.300 | 7.607 |
| Increase in geographic distance | 0.431** | 0.122 | 1.539 | −0.318 | 0.274 | 0.728 | −0.494† | 0.298 | 0.610 |
| Characteristics at T1 | |||||||||
| Parent’s gender (1 = female) | 0.139 | 0.271 | 1.149 | 0.470 | 0.501 | 1.600 | 1.129† | 0.622 | 3.091 |
| Child’s gender (1 = female) | −0.450† | 0.254 | 0.638 | −0.994† | 0.522 | 0.370 | 0.550 | 0.527 | 1.733 |
| Child’s age (1 = yes) | −0.066† | 0.039 | 0.936 | −0.020 | 0.058 | 0.980 | 0.045 | 0.071 | 1.046 |
| Child’s number of siblings | 0.058 | 0.064 | 1.060 | −0.101 | 0.095 | 0.904 | −0.164 | 0.108 | 0.849 |
| Child has (grand) children (1 = yes) | −0.598* | 0.282 | 0.550 | −0.576 | 0.493 | 0.562 | −0.256 | 0.579 | 0.774 |
| Child married (reference category) | |||||||||
| Child unmarried cohabiting (1 = yes) | −0.567 | 0.717 | 0.567 | 0.540 | 1.182 | 1.716 | −0.213 | 1.363 | 0.808 |
| Child single or widowed (1 = yes) | −0.637 | 0.576 | 0.529 | −1.441 | 1.441 | 0.237 | −1.856 | 1.680 | 0.156 |
| Child divorced (1 = yes) | 0.520 | 0.423 | 1.683 | 0.208 | 0.645 | 1.231 | −0.008 | 0.628 | 0.992 |
| Parents married (reference category) | |||||||||
| Parents divorced (1 = yes) | 0.990** | 0.313 | 2.691 | 0.865 | 0.595 | 2.376 | 1.400* | 0.583 | 4.057 |
| Parent widowed (1 = yes) | 0.628† | 0.367 | 1.874 | 1.778** | 0.612 | 5.919 | 2.102** | 0.680 | 8.187 |
| Child employed (reference category) | |||||||||
| Child nonemployed (1 = yes) | 0.510 | 0.509 | 1.665 | 1.781* | 0.750 | 5.935 | 1.107 | 0.718 | 3.024 |
| Parent employed (reference category) | |||||||||
| Parent nonemployed (1 = yes) | −0.115 | 0.446 | 0.891 | −0.938 | 1.108 | 0.391 | 0.105 | 0.993 | 1.110 |
| Parent retired (1 = yes) | −0.150 | 0.356 | 0.861 | −0.407 | 0.699 | 0.666 | −0.553 | 0.773 | 0.575 |
| Parent’s health | 0.030 | 0.107 | 1.031 | −0.454** | 0.167 | 0.635 | −0.474* | 0.234 | 0.623 |
| Geographical distance | 0.054 | 0.121 | 1.056 | −0.685** | 0.256 | 0.504 | −1.027** | 0.315 | 0.358 |
| Child’s endorsement of norms | 0.173 | 0.213 | 1.189 | 0.587 | 0.438 | 1.799 | 0.940* | 0.457 | 2.560 |
| Harmonious relationship type (1 = yes) | |||||||||
| Affective relationship type (1 = yes) | −1.089* | 0.454 | 0.336 | 1.495† | 0.876 | 4.460 | |||
| Obligatory relationship type (1 = yes) | 1.197** | 0.358 | 3.311 | 1.895* | 0.756 | 6.653 | 1.083 | 0.906 | 2.953 |
| Ambivalent relationship type (1 = yes) | 1.403** | 0.420 | 4.066 | ||||||
| Discordant relationship type (1 = yes) | 0.016 | 0.445 | 1.016 | −1.377 | 1.066 | 0.252 | −1.352 | 0.994 | 0.259 |
| Constant | 0.113 | 2.117 | 2.590 | 3.193 | −0.152 | 3.779 | |||
| χ2 (df) | 150.97 (33) | 178.37 (32) | 187.20 (31) | ||||||
| % transitioned | 31.42 | 9.54 | 15.79 | ||||||
Notes. OR = odds ratio; SE = standard error.
† p < .10. *p < .05. **p < .01 (two-sided test).