Table 1. Change in spatial distribution and seasonal occurrence of larval fish in the Northeast U.S. Shelf Ecosystem.
Distribution in the annual relative proportions among strata between 1977–1987 and 1999–2008 and among bimonthly season of larval fish was tested using Kruskal-Wallis chi-square. By examining changes in slopes using linear analyses, distributional changes were analyzed in: the along-shelf, the cross-shelf, and the depth directions. Distributional shifts were then classified into the categories: no significant change (blank), southward shift (South), northward shift (North), inshore shift (In), offshore shift (Off), shallower (Shallow), and deeper (Deep). Seasonal changes were examined for the three highest ranked bi-monthly seasons based on annual relative proportion. The resulting change was classified as no significant change (blank), earlier (E), or later (L). Spatial and seasonal shifts were examined relative to regional occurrence (M—GB = Mid-Atlantic Bight to Georges Bank, S—GOM = Southern New England to Gulf of Maine, and GB—GOM = Georges Bank to Gulf of Maine), timing of larval occurrence (W = winter, Sp = spring, Su = summer, and F = fall), management status (M = managed, N = not managed), and habitat type (D = demersal, P = pelagic).
| Family | Taxon | Region | Larval Season | Managed | Habitat | Along-Shelf | Cross-Shelf | Depth | Seasonal Shift |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clupeidae | Brevoortia tyrannus | M—GB | F | M | P | L | |||
| Clupea harengus | GB—GOM | F | M | P | Off | ||||
| Gonostomatidae | Cyclothone spp. | M—GB | Su | N | P | ||||
| Myctophidae | Benthosema spp. | M—GB | W | N | P | E | |||
| Ceratoscopelus maderensis | M—GB | Su | N | P | North | ||||
| Diaphus spp. | M—GB | Su | N | P | |||||
| Gadidae | Gadus morhua | S—GOM | W | M | D | North | Deep | ||
| Melanogrammus aeglefinus | GB—GOM | W | M | D | E | ||||
| Pollachius virens | GB—GOM | W | M | P | Off | Shallow | L | ||
| Lotidae | Enchelyopus cimbrius | S—GOM | Su | N | D | North | E | ||
| Phycidae | Urophycis spp. | M—GB | Su | N | D | ||||
| Merlucciidae | Merluccius albidus | S—GOM | Su | M | P | L | |||
| Merluccius bilinearis | S—GOM | Su | M | P | North | ||||
| Lophiidae | Lophius americanus | M—GB | Su | M | D | North | L | ||
| Sebastidae | Sebastes spp. | S—GOM | Sp | M | D | ||||
| Triglidae | Prionotus spp. | M—GB | Su | N | D | L | |||
| Cottidae | Myoxocephalus aenaeus | S—GOM | Sp | N | D | North | |||
| Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus | S—GOM | W | N | D | |||||
| Serranidae | Centropristis striata | M—GB | Su | M | D | North | In | L | |
| Pomatomidae | Pomatomus saltatrix | M—GB | Su | M | P | ||||
| Sciaenidae | Cynoscion regalis | M—GB | Su | M | D | E | |||
| Leiostomus xanthurus | M—GB | W | M | D | |||||
| Menticirrhus spp. | M—GB | Su | M | D | L | ||||
| Micropogonias undulatus | M—GB | Su | M | D | North | In | |||
| Labridae | Tautoga onitis | M—GB | Su | M | D | E | |||
| Tautogolabrus adspersus | S—GOM | Su | N | D | North | ||||
| Stichaeidae | Ulvaria subbifurcata | S—GOM | Sp | N | D | ||||
| Pholidae | Pholis gunnellus | S—GOM | W | N | D | E | |||
| Anarhichadidae | Anarhichas spp. | GB—GOM | W | M | D | E | |||
| Ammodytidae | Ammodytes spp. | S—GOM | W | N | D | North | Deep | L | |
| Scombridae | Auxis spp. | M—GB | Su | N | P | In | |||
| Scomber scombrus | S—GOM | Su | M | P | In | L | |||
| Stromateidae | Peprilus spp. | M—GB | Su | M | P | ||||
| Scophthalmidae | Scophthalmus aquosus | M—GB | Su | M | D | North | E | ||
| Paralichthyidae | Citharichthys arctifrons | M—GB | Su | N | D | North | In | L | |
| Etropus spp. | M—GB | Su | N | D | North | ||||
| Paralichthys dentatus | M—GB | F | M | D | |||||
| Hippoglossina oblonga | M—GB | Su | N | D | North | L | |||
| Paralichthyidae | Syacium spp. | M—GB | Su | N | D | ||||
| Bothidae | Bothus spp. | M—GB | Su | N | D | ||||
| Pleuronectidae | Glyptocephalus cynoglossus | S—GOM | Sp | M | D | ||||
| Hippoglossoides platessoides | S—GOM | Sp | M | D | |||||
| Limanda ferruginea | M—GB | Sp | M | D | North | E | |||
| Pseudopleuronectes americanus | S—GOM | W | M | D | E | ||||
| Cynoglossidae | Symphurus spp. | M—GB | Su | N | D | L |