Table 2.

Cross-sectional and 5-year longitudinal relationships between ST and continuous metabolic variables

	Cross-sectional (n = 2,027)		5-Year change (n = 1,718)
	β (% difference per hour ST)*	P value	β (5-year change per hour ST)	P value
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)*
Model 1: demographics and lifestyle	0.9	<0.001	0.28	0.368
Model 2: +MVPA	0.6	0.228	0.45	0.192
Model 3: +comorbidities	−0.1	0.561	0.14	0.446
2-h glucose (mg/dL)*†
Model 1: demographics and lifestyle	1.5	<0.001	0.21	0.721
Model 2: +MVPA	0.3	0.542	−0.24	0.708
Model 3: +comorbidities	0.0	0.932	−0.39	0.461
Fasting insulin (mU/dL)*
Model 1: demographics and lifestyle	4.8	<0.001	0.14	0.183
Model 2: +MVPA	2.8	0.005	0.10	0.398
Model 3: +comorbidities	2.0	0.007	0.04	0.708
HOMA-IR*
Model 1: demographics and lifestyle	5.8	<0.001	0.04	0.182
Model 2: +MVPA	2.8	0.006	0.04	0.237
Model 3: +comorbidities	1.9	0.021	0.02	0.399
HbA1c (%)*‡
Model 1: demographics and lifestyle	0.3	0.094	0.01	0.099
Model 2: +MVPA	0.1	0.591	0.01	0.058
Model 3: +comorbidities	−0.2	0.176	0.01	0.059

Model 1 adjusted for age, center, race, sex, education, income, smoking, alcohol, wear time, and baseline value (longitudinal model only); model 2 adjusted for same as model 1 + log-transformed MVPA (total minutes); model 3 adjusted for same as model 2 + BMI, hypertension, and diabetes and total cholesterol (+5-year change in longitudinal model). Boldface type denotes statistically significant associations.

*Dependent variables were log transformed in cross-sectional models; thus, β is presented as the percent difference associated with each additional 1 h increase in ST;

†missing in 400 participants at baseline and 401 participants at 5-year follow-up;

‡missing in 261 participants at baseline and 244 participants at 5-year follow-up.