Table 3.

Comparison across activity variables of associations and model fit in cross-sectional and longitudinal models

	MVPA + ST					Average cpm
	MVPA* % difference	P value	ST† % difference	P value	R2	Cpm* % difference	P value	R2
Cross-sectional (n = 2,027)
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)‡
Model 2	−2.2	<0.001	0.6	0.228	7.6%	−2.3	<0.001	7.7%
Model 3	−1.3	<0.001	−0.2	0.561	45.6%	−0.9	<0.001	45.5%
2-h glucose (mg/dL)‡§
Model 2	−4.1	<0.001	0.6	0.542	7.4%	−4.0	<0.001	7.4%
Model 3	−3.2	<0.001	−0.1	0.932	29.2%	−2.8	<0.001	29.1%
Fasting insulin (mU/L)‡
Model 2	−7.5	<0.001	4.4	0.005	10.2%	−9.5	<0.001	10.5%
Model 3	−3.9	0.001	3.5	0.007	36.2%	−5.6	<0.001	36.3%
HOMA-IR‡
Model 2	−9.5	<0.001	5.0	0.006	11.4%	−11.6	<0.001	11.7%
Model 3	−5.1	<0.001	3.3	0.021	43.5%	−6.5	<0.001	43.5%
HbA1c (%)‡‖
Model 2	−0.8	0.028	0.2	0.646	9.2%	−0.9	0.002	9.4%
Model 3	−0.2	0.525	−0.2	0.176	49.0%	0.1	0.616	49.0%

	MVPA + ST					Average cpm
	Std β MVPA*	P value	Std β ST†	P value	R2	Std β cpm*	P value	R2
5-year change (n = 1,718)
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
Model 2	0.49	0.173	0.38	0.192	7.9%	0.07	0.803	7.9%
Model 3	0.71	0.019	0.25	0.446	34.9%	0.32	0.201	34.8%
2-h glucose (mg/dL)¶
Model 2	−2.66	0.005	−1.06	0.708	17.7%	−1.46	0.070	17.5%
Model 3	−1.58	0.068	−0.67	0.548	33.5%	−0.83	0.256	33.4%
Fasting insulin (mU/L)
Model 2	−0.10	0.608	0.21	0.164	15.4%	−0.19	0.250	15.4%
Model 3	−0.12	0.470	0.07	0.708	23.1%	−0.13	0.363	23.2%
HOMA-IR
Model 2	0.01	0.889	0.08	0.128	11.8%	−0.04	0.427	11.8%
Model 3	0.01	0.853	0.04	0.399	27.0%	−0.02	0.632	27.1%
HbA1c (%)#
Model 2	0.01	0.351	0.02	0.063	2.7%	−0.01	0.390	2.5%
Model 3	0.02	0.047	0.02	0.058	37.0%	0.00	0.912	36.8%

Model 2 adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, accelerometers wear time, and log-transformed MVPA (total minutes); model 3 adjusted for the same as model 2 + BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and total cholesterol (+5-year change in longitudinal model). Boldface type denotes statistically significant associations. Std, standardized.

*MVPA and cpm were log transformed. The standardized β coefficients presented are based on the SD of the independent variable and represent the difference that would be expected with an approximate doubling of MVPA (e.g., 60 vs. 120 min) and an ∼50% increase in cpm (e.g., 400 vs. 600 cpm);

†the standardized β coefficients are based on the SD of ST in this sample and represent the difference that would be expected with a 1-h and 45-min difference in ST;

‡dependent variables were log transformed in cross-sectional models; thus, the β presented is the percent difference associated with each additional standardized increase in MVPA, ST, or average cpm;

§missing in 400 participants;

‖missing in 261 participants;

¶missing in 401 participants;

#missing for 244 participants.