Table 2.
Study | Disease | Study design | Sample size | Gender (% male) | Age (mean ± SD years) | Unit of costs | Costs in the acute phase (actual costs; % of costs in the 1st year) | 2014 € Inflation adjusted costs in acute phasea | Costs/patient in the first 6 months (actual costs; % of the costs in the 1st year)b | 2014 € Inflation adjusted costs/patient in the first 6 monthsa | Costs/patient in the 1st year after event | 2014 € Inflation adjusted costs/patient in the 1st year after eventa | Costs/patient in subsequent years | 2014 € Inflation adjusted Costs/patient in subsequent yearsa | Other costs | 2014 € Inflation adjusted other costsa | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Myocardial infarction and unstable angina | |||||||||||||||||
Stargardt 2013 [11] | MI | Retrospective claim database analysis | 12,284 | 71.60 % | 64.1 | 2004–2006 € | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Hospitalization costs: 6936 | Hospitalization costs: 7927 | Used provider reimbursement for costs |
Reinöhl 2012 [12] | AMI | Real-world scenario administrative routine data analysis (cross sectional study) | 1409 | n.a. | n.a. | Not stated in publication, assume year of publication 2012. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 3461.82–4643.15 depending on different anticoagulant strategy used for PCI treatment | 3545–4755 depending on different anticoagulant strategy used for PCI treatment | n.a. | n.a. | In-hospital costs: | In-hospital costs: | Only patients underwent PCI at high volume centers |
aUsing UFH monotherapy: 3807.2 ± 2235.98; | aUsing UFH monotherapy: 3899 ± 2290; | ||||||||||||||||
aUFH + glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor: 4643.15 ± 4662.48; | aUFH + glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor: 4755 ± 4775; | ||||||||||||||||
aBivalirudin: 3461.82 ± 1301.96 | aBivalirudin: 3545 ± 1333 | ||||||||||||||||
Bäumler 2012 [10] | MI | Retrospective claims data analysis | DES: 719; BMS: 719 | DES: 86.20 %; BMS: 86.07 % | DES: 60.7 (11.2); BMS: 62.2 (11.0) | 2005 | 30 day (acute) costs were 7761 for DES group and 6704 for BMS group | 30 day (acute) costs were 9030 for DES group and 7800 for BMS group | n.a. | n.a. | DES: 12,713 (SD 10,753); BMS: 11,714 (SD 9967) | DES: 14,792 (SD 12,511); BMS: 13,629 (SD 11,597) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Only patients with PCI; First MI only, excluded re-infarct |
Reinhold 2011 [13] | MI | Retrospective claim data analysis | 15,185 | 57.43 % | 71.1 ± 12.6 | 2004/2005 € | 5836; 50 % | 6790 | 9897; 80 % | 11,515 | 12,372 | 14,395 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Largest SHI with representative sample; excluded recurrent events |
Tiemann 2008 [15] | AMI | Retrospective study using hospital administration data | n.a. | 100 % | 50–60 | 2005 | 3113 from SHI perspective; 2866 from hospital perspective | 3622 from SHI persp.; 3335 from hospital persp. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Selective patient group (i.e. no revascularization, no teaching hospitals) |
Fuchs 2008 [16] | MI | Calculate costs based on expert interview resource utilization data/or published data and German SHI price | n.a. | n.a. | Assume 70 % over 60 years old | 2005 | 4560 | 5306 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | No information on resource use estimates |
Brüggenjürgen 2006 [18] | Hospitalized UA | Prospective cross-sectional study in 19 hospitals of different health care levels | 407 | 67.1 % | 65.9 (11.6) | 2000–2002 € | 3644 (SD 2195, 95 % CI: 3430–3858) | 4442 (SD 2676, 95 % CI: 4181–4703) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Brüggenjürgen 2005 [17] | MI | Calculate costs based on expert panel resource utilization data and German SHI price | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 2004 | 7522; 64 % | 8918 | 85 % | n.a. | 11,672 | 13,838 | 981 during month 13–18 after the event | 1163 during month 13–18 after the event | n.a. | n.a. | Expert panel stated 57 % PTCA, 7 % CABG, 7 % pacemaker, 69 % rehab |
Chronic heart failure | |||||||||||||||||
Biermann 2012 [19] | CHF | Retrospective panel study using claims data | 2,71 | 74.8 % | 62.9 ± 13.6 | 2009 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 3150 | 3417 | n.a. | n.a. | Inpatient care: 74 % | n.a. | Included NYHA I-IV |
Medication: 9 %; | |||||||||||||||||
Rehabilitation: 9 % | |||||||||||||||||
outpatient contact: 8 % | |||||||||||||||||
Peters-Klimm 2012 [20] | CHF | Retrospective medical chart analysis | 159 | 73 % | 68.5 ± 10.2 | 2004–2005 € | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 4792 ± 8249 | 5576 ± 9598 | n.a. | n.a. | Total hospitalization: 3545 (8065), including HF 466 (1525), other CV-related hospitalization 2596 (7469), and other causes of hospitalization 483 (1894); | Total hospitalization: 4125 (9384), including HF 542 (1774), other CV-related hospitalization 3020 (8690), and other causes of hospitalization 562 (562); | 53 % NYHA II, 45 % NYHA III; Based on a RCT regarding an innovative medical education on primary care-based patients |
Medication: 854 (835) | Medication: 994 (972) | ||||||||||||||||
Peripheral artery disease | |||||||||||||||||
Brüggenjürgen 2005 [17] | PAD | Calculate costs based on expert panel resource utilization data and German SHI price | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 2004 | 4186; 55 % | 4963 | 2138; 28 % | 2535 | 7674 | 9098 | 1172 during month 13–18 after the event | 1390 during month 13–18 after the event | 2138 for month 1–6; 1350 for month 7-12 | 2535 for month 1–6; 1601 for month 7–12 | Only hospitalized patients included |
Stroke | |||||||||||||||||
Abbas 2013 [21] | Ischemic Stroke | Claims data analysis | Hospital based: 1272; | 28 % hospital-based, 33 % for facility | 80–81 years | 2007 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Hospital based: 15,573; rehabilitation facility based: 15,726 | Hospital based: 17,399 rehabilitation facility based: 17,570 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | Rehab patients only |
Rehabilitation facility based: 2200 | |||||||||||||||||
Lindig 2010 [22] | Stroke | Retrospective claim data analysis | 18,106 | 43.6 % | 73.7 ± 12.6 years | 2004/2005 € | Around 50 % | n.a. | Around 80 % | n.a. | 11,408 | 13,273 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | All hospitalized patients; includes hemorrhagic & ischemic strokes |
Fuchs 2008 [16] | Ischemic stroke | Calculate costs based on expert interview resource utilization data/or published data and German SHI price | n.a. | n.a. | Assume 70 % over 60 years old | 2005 | 4780 | 5562 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Kolominsky-Rabas 2006 [23] | Ischemic stroke | Retrospective cost of illness study based on a population-based longitudinal registry database and German SHI prices. | 821 | 45 % | 52 % patients were in the age group >75 years, women (76.3), men (70.6) | 2004 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 18,517 | 21,954 | Annual costs for subsequent 4 years were 5479/patient. | Annual costs for subsequent 4 years were 6496/patient. | n.a. | n.a. | First-year survivors after first-ever stroke |
Brüggenjürgen 2005 [17] | Ischemic stroke | Calculate costs based on expert panel resource utilization data and German SHI price | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 2004 | 5134; 29 % | 6087 | 6727; 66 % | 7976 | 17,864 | 21,180 | 5280 during month 13–18 after the event | 6260 during month 13–18 after the event | 6003 for months 7–12 | 7117 for months 7–12 | Experts estimated 53 % rehab facility, 45 % inpatient rehab |
Note: “Costs” in this table is limited to direct medical costs from a SHI perspective in Germany. n.a. means not available. n.r. means not relevant
aInflation adjusted costs according to CPI: OECE statistics extracts, http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=MEI_CPI_WEIGHTS#, accessed on AUG 10 2015
bThe costs incurred in the first 6 months include those incurred in the acute phase