TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the Bangladeshi adults participating in a folic acid and creatine randomized, controlled trial1
| Placebo (n = 101) | Cr (n = 101) | FA (n = 153) | Cr+FA (n = 103) | |
| Age, y | 37.9 ± 7.3 | 38.3 ± 8.2 | 39.0 ± 8.0 | 38.0 ± 7.7 |
| Men | 50.5 | 50.5 | 50.3 | 50.5 |
| Education, y | 3.5 ± 3.7 | 3.3 ± 3.6 | 3.3 ± 3.6 | 3.9 ± 4.1 |
| BMI,2 kg/m2 | 20.4 ± 3.1 | 20.0 ± 3.0 | 19.5 ± 2.3 | 19.5 ± 2.5 |
| Ever smoked3 | 24.8 | 28.7 | 23.8 | 30.1 |
| Ever used betel nut3 | 27.7 | 24.8 | 23.8 | 20.4 |
| Water arsenic, μg/L | 158 ± 126 | 159 ± 125 | 149 ± 118 | 167 ± 147 |
| Urinary arsenic, μg/L | 139 ± 137 | 180 ± 212 | 160 ± 164 | 178 ± 155 |
| Urinary arsenic, μg/g creatinine | 305 ± 202 | 328 ± 253 | 340 ± 325 | 312 ± 164 |
| Urinary creatinine, mg/dL | 49.2 ± 35.0 | 57.3 ± 36.7 | 57.7 ± 45.2 | 62.4 ± 47.2 |
| Plasma folate, nmol/L | 16.7 ± 17.3 | 16.0 ± 7.9 | 16.7 ± 14.2 | 15.4 ± 8.7 |
| Folate deficient (<9 nmol/L) | 21.6 | 13.9 | 23.5 | 20.4 |
| Plasma vitamin B-12, pmol/L | 226 ± 97.4 | 256 ± 141 | 246 ± 131 | 237 ± 121 |
| Plasma Cr+Crn,4 μmol/L | 81.3 ± 23.8 | 77.3 ± 23.0 | 82.0 ± 31.1 | 81.3 ± 28.5 |
| Plasma GAA,4 μmol/L | 2.05 ± 0.66 | 1.95 ± 0.57 | 1.89 ± 0.74 | 1.98 ± 0.67 |
| Blood SAM,5 μmol/L | 2.23 ± 0.81 | 2.10 ± 0.72 | 2.19 ± 0.66 | 2.07 ± 0.64 |
| Blood SAH,6 μmol/L | 0.24 ± 0.12 | 0.25 ± 0.13 | 0.23 ± 0.11 | 0.25 ± 0.13 |
| Plasma tHcys, μmol/L | 13.9 ± 10.8 | 12.4 ± 5.5 | 13.6 ± 8.8 | 12.8 ± 5.6 |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia7 | 54.9 | 50.5 | 52.3 | 56.3 |
| Plasma tCys, μmol/L | 222 ± 41.9 | 220 ± 46.4 | 220 ± 43.5 | 218 ± 46.6 |
Values are means ± SDs or percentages. Cr, 3 g/d creatine group; Cr+FA, 3 g/d creatine plus 400 μg/d folic acid group; Cr+Crn, creatine plus creatinine; FA, 400 μg/d folic acid group; GAA, guanidinoacetate; SAH, s-adenosylhomocysteine; SAM, s-adenosylmethionine; tCys, total cysteine; tHcys, total homocysteine.
Reduced sample size (placebo, n = 100; Cr, n = 98; FA, n = 150; Cr+FA, n = 102).
Reduced sample size (FA, n = 151).
Reduced sample size (FA, n = 130; Cr+FA, n = 102).
Reduced sample size (placebo, n = 76; Cr, n = 89; FA, n = 139; Cr+FA, n = 94).
Reduced sample size (placebo, n = 68; Cr, n = 86; FA, n = 127; Cr+FA, n = 84).
Defined as plasma total homocysteine ≥10.4 μmol/L for women and ≥11.4 μmol/L for men.