Table 5.

Factors independently associated with long term mortality following valve surgery in Cox proportional hazard modelling and the significance of the relationship of the model

Hazard Ratio (95 % CI)	All	RHD-related	Non-RHD
Age (/additional year)	1.03 (1.02 – 1.04)	1.03 (1.01 – 1.05)	1.03 (1.02 – 1.04)
Pre-operative comorbidities
Diabetes	1.4 (1.2 – 1.6)	1.7 (1.1 – 2.5)	1.4 (1.2 – 1.6)
Chronic kidney disease	1.5 (1.3 – 1.7)	1.9 (1.2 – 2.9)	1.4 (1.3 – 1.6)
Pre-operative status
NYHA III & IV	1.3 (1.1 – 1.4)	-	1.3 (1.1 – 1.4)
Atrial fibrillation	1.4 (1.2 – 1.6)	-	1.5 (1.3 – 1.7)
LVEF >45 %	0.7 (0.6 – 0.8)	-	0.7 (0.6 – 0.8)
Operative procedure
Mechanical valve	0.8 (0.7 – 0.9)	-	0.8 (0.7 – 0.9)
Valve repair only	0.8 (0.6 – 0.9)	-	0.8 (0.6 – 0.9)
Multiple valve surgery	-	-	1.4 (1.1 – 1.7)
Initial admission
ICU stay (>43 h)	1.2 (1.1 – 1.4)	-	1.3 (1.1 – 1.4)
Ventilation time (>11 h)	-	1.7 (1.1 – 2.9)	-
Post procedure LOS (/additional day)	1.01 (1.00 – 1.01)	1.02 (1.01 – 1.03)	1.00 (1.00 – 1.01)
Complications within 30 days
Readmission	1.4 (1.2 – 1.6)	-	1.4 (1.2 – 1.7)
Acute kidney injury	1.9 (1.6 – 2.3)	-	1.9 (1.6 – 2.3)
Stroke/ TIA	1.6 (1.2 – 2.1)	-	1.7 (1.3 – 2.2)
Septicaemia	2.1 (1.6 – 2.8)	-	2.2 (1.6 – 2.9)
Significance of model (based on −2 Log Likelihood)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001