Table 2.

Seminiferous epithelium histopathology following Sertoli cell microfilament disruption

Histopathology Observed	Treatment Inducing Histopathology	Proposed Mechanism	Notes*	References
Malorientation of round spermatids	Cytochalasin D	Loss or lack of formation of the ectoplasmic specialization junction between round spermatids and Sertoli cells	Involves step 8 spermatids The acrosome of step 8 spermatids normally is pointed toward the seminiferous epithelium basal lamina but acrosome orientation becomes more random	53
Retained spermatids	siRNA-mediated cortactin knockdown	Alteration of tubulobulbar complex function and persistence of the ectoplasmic specialization junction between elongate spermatid and Sertoli cell	Spermatids retained past the normal stage of spermiation may be located at the seminiferous epithelium apical border or in a more basal location	54

* Spermiogenic steps refer to those developed for the rat