Figure 1.

Interspecies comparison of time periods for doubling birth weight as a measure for the magnitude of mTORC1-dependent translation modified according to Bounous et al. [50]. Note: Human newborns (1) and other primates have the evolutionary privilege of growing on the lowest milk protein concentration (1.2 g/100 mL) thus allowing the slowest BCAA-mTORC1-driven growth, a particular advantage for complex brain development. Modern man counteracts this evolutionary privilege through uncontrolled formula feeding and persistent milk consumption. Recently, milk brands have come to market yielding milk protein concentrations artificially enriched to levels found in the milk of sheep and pig.