Table 1.
Results reported for anti-cytokine agents in refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
| Compound and Treatment Regimen | Diagnosis/#Patients | Follow-up/Weeks | Clinical Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-TNFα | ||||
| infliximab 6 mg/kg 4-weekly or more frequent | jDM/5 | 32 to 130 | I (5/5) | [99] |
| infliximab 10 mg/kg (week 0, 2, 6, 14) | DM/1 | 16 | I (3/9); NC (4/9);W (2/9) | [100] |
| PM/4 | ||||
| IBM/4 | ||||
| infliximab 10 mg/kg (week 0, 2, 4) | DM/1 | 12 | I (2/2) | [101] |
| PM/1 | ||||
| infliximab 10 mg/kg (week 20) | DM/1 | 66 | I (2/2) | [102] |
| infliximab 10 mg/kg (week 14, 18, 22) | PM/1 | |||
| infliximab 10 mg/kg (week 0, 2, 6, 14, 22) | PM/2 | 26 | I (2/2) | [103] |
| infliximab 10 mg/kg (week 0, 2, 4, 6, 9) | PM/1 | 69 | I (1/1) | [104] |
| infliximab 5 mg/kg (week 0, 2, 6, 14, 18, 22) | PM/1 | 22 | I (1/1) | [105] |
| infliximab 5 mg/kg weekly (0, 2, 6) every 8 weeks | DM + ILD/14 | I (10/14); † (4/10) | [106] | |
| infliximab 3 mg/kg (week 0, 2, 6,every 8) and or etanercept 25 mg twice weekly | DM/3 | 26 | I (6/8) | [107] |
| PM/5 | ||||
| etanercept 50 mg weekly for 24 weeks | DM/8 | 24 | I (6/11); NC (3/11); W (2/11) | [108] |
| DM/3 | ||||
| etanercept 25 mg twice weekly | PM/1 | 56 | I (1/1) | [109] |
| etanercept 25 mg twice weekly | IBM/9 | 24 to 48 | I | [110] |
| etanercept 25 mg twice weekly | DM/5 | 12 | W (5/5) | [111] |
| etanercept 0.4 mg/kg twice weekly 1–12, 13–24 stop | jDM/6 | 12 | I (3/6); NC (1/6); W (2/6) | [112] |
| Anti-IFNα | ||||
| sifalimumab 0.3–10 mg/kg every other week, 6 months | DM/26 | 14 | I (38/51) | [113] |
| PM/25 | ||||
| avonex (βIFN1a) 30 µg weekly, 6 months | IBM/29 | 24 | NC (27/29); W (2/29) | [114] |
| Anti-IL-1 | ||||
| anakinra 100 mg daily | PM/6 | 48 | I (7/15); NC (5/15); W (3/15) | [115] |
| DM/4 | ||||
| IBM/5 | ||||
| anakinra 100 mg daily | IBM/4 | 28 | W (4/4) | [116] |
| anakinra 100 mg daily | PM/1 Jo-1positive antisynthetase syndrome | 80 | I (1/1) | [117] |
| Anti-IL-6 | ||||
| tocilizumab 8 mg/kg every 4 weeks | PM/2 | 29 to 43 | I (2/2) | [118] |
Abbreviations: (juvenile) dermatomyositis ((j)DM), improved (I), sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM), no change (NC), polymyositis (PM), DM/PM/IBM (DM/PM/IBM), worsened (W). Number of patients (#Patients), deceased (†).