Table 1.
Biological therapies to treat chronic systemic immunological-based diseases related to uveitis.
| BIOLOGICAL AGENT (FDA Initial Approval Date) | BRAND NAME | MECHANISM OF ACTION | PRINCIPAL INDICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proinflammatory cytokine inhibitors | |||
| Infliximab (1998) | Remicade | Anti TNF-α | CD, UC, RA, PA, AS, Ps |
| Etanercept (1998) | Enbrel | RA, PJIA, PA, AS, Ps | |
| Adalimumab (2002) | Humira | RA, PJIA, PA, AS, CD, Ps | |
| Golimumab (2009) | Simponi | RA *, PA, AS | |
| Gevokizumab | ANTI IL-1β | PG ** | |
| Tocilizumab (2010) | Actemra | ANTI IL-6R | RA, PJIA |
| T-cells inhibitors | |||
| Daclizumab (1997) | Zenapax | ANTI CD25 (IL-2R) | PRR |
| B-cells inhibitors | |||
| Rituximab (1997) | Rituxan | ANTI CD 20 | RA *, CLL, n-HL |
| Alemtuzumab (2001) | Campath | ANTI CD 52 | CLL |
| VEGF inhibitors | |||
| Bevacizumab (2004) | Avastin | ANTI VEGF | MCC |
* in combination with methotrexate; ** phase-three program was initiated in November 2014; AS: Ankylosing Spondylitis; CD: Crohn’s Disease; CLL: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; MCC: Metastatic Colorectal Cancer; n-HL: non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; PA: Psoriatic Arthritis; PG: Pyoderma Gangrenosum; PJIA: Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; PRR: Prophylaxis of Renal Rejection; Ps: Psoriasis; RA: Rheumatoid Arthritis; UC: Ulcerative Colitis.