. 2015 Aug 13;16(8):19055–19085. doi: 10.3390/ijms160819055

Table 1.

Recent studies on phytohormones reported to affect various components of photosynthetic machinery in different plants under abiotic stress conditions.

Hormone	Plant	Stress	Effect on Photosynthetic Components	Reference
ABA	Arabidopsis	High light	Reduced expression of photosynthetic genes	[40]
	Arabidopsis	Chemical (norflurazon)	Induction of genes encoding LHCB proteins	[41]
	Arabidopsis	Drought	Positive regulation of genes encoding LHCB proteins	[42]
	Barley	Heat	Decreased heat damage of chloroplast ultrastructure, improved PSII efficiency	[43]
	Barley	Low temperature	Higher photochemical quenching and NPQ	[44]
	Common bean, tobacco, beetroot, maize	Drought	Improved PSII efficiency	[45]
	Rice	Drought	Improved NPQ and PSII efficiency	[46]
	Rice, cabbage	High salinity	Enhanced PSII efficiency, NPQ and PSII photochemistry	[47]
	Lycium chinese	Drought	Slower decline in PSII efficiency, improved NPQ	[48]
Auxin	Arabidopsis	Drought	Improved maximal electron transfer rate, photochemical quenching and maximal photochemical yield of PSII	[49]
Auxin	Sunflower	Heavy metal	Increased ability of energy trapping by PSII reaction centres	[50]
BRs	Rice	High salinity	Prevention of photosynthetic pigment loss	[51]
	Mustard	Heavy metal	Higher chlorophyll accumulation and improved P_N	[52]
	Winter rape	Heavy metal	Improved energy absorption, trapping, and electron transport by PSII reaction centers. Efficient oxygen-evolution	[53]
BRs	Mungbean	Heavy metal	Higher P_N and improved stomatal conductivity	[54]
	Cucumber	Drought	Higher PSII efficiency, improved NPQ	[55]
	Tomato	Chemical stress, heavy metal	Improved P_N, PSII efficiency, and NPQ	[56]
	Tomato	Heat	Improved recovery of P_N, stomatal conductance, and maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco, electron transport rate, relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry, photochemical quenching, and increased NPQ	[57]
	Pepper	Drought	Improved utilization and dissipation of excitation energy in the PSII antennae. Alleviation of drought-induced photoinhibition	[58]
CKs	Tobacco	Drought	Slower degradation of photosynthetic protein complexes, increased expression of genes associated with PSII, Cytb6f complex, PSI, NADH oxidoreductase, and ATP synthase complex	[59]
	Arabidopsis	High light	Reduced PSII efficiency, low accumulation of D1 protein	[39]
	Maize	Drought	Increased electron donation capacity of PSII, higher plant photosynthetic performance index, energy absorption and trapped excitation energy	[60]
ET	Mustard	Heavy metal	Efficient PSII, P_N, stomatal conductance, and Rubisco activities	[61]
	Mustard	Low nitrogen	Improved P_N, Rubisco activity, and stomatal conductivity	[62]
	Mustard	High salinity	Higher photosynthetic-nitrogen and sulfur use efficiency and improved quantum yield efficiency of PSII	[63]
	Mustard	Heavy metal	Increased maximal quantum efficiency of PSII, P_N,and Rubisco activity	[64]
	Tobacco	High salinity, oxidative stress	Increased P_N	[65]
GAs	Wheat	High salinity	Improved P_N and stomatal conductance	[66]
	Mustard	High salinity	Increased photosynthetic efficiency and stomatal conductance	[67]
	Linseed	High salinity	Improved P_N, and stomatal conductance	[68]
	Sunflower	Heavy metal	Increased ability of energy trapping by PSII reaction centers	[50]
JA	Rice	High salinity	Improved leaf water potential, Fv/Fm, and P_N	[69]
	Pisum sativum	High salinity	Increased non-variable fluorescence, Fv/Fm, and Rubisco activity	[70]
	Barley	High salinity	Improved Fv/Fm and P_N	[71]
	Arabidopsis	Heavy metal	Improved photosynthesis activity	[72]
	Arabidopsis	Heavy metal	Improved PSII activity, Fv/Fm, and P_N	[73]
SA	Arabidopsis	Drought	Higher P_N, maximum efficiency of PSII, and maximum quantum yield of PSII	[74]
SA	Wheat	High salinity	Increased quantum yield of PSII	[75]
SA	Wheat	Heat, high light	Improved PSII efficiency, slower degradation and accelerated recovery of damaged D1 protein	[76]
	Wheat	Drought	Upregulated expression of luminal, oxygen-evolving enhancer, and PSII assembly factor proteins	[77]
	Rice	Drought	Higher P_N, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate	[78]
	Mustard	High salinity	Improved P_N, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency	[79]
	Mustard	High salinity	Improved PSII efficiency,P_N, Rubisco activity, water-use efficiency, and stomatal conductance	[80]
	Cotton	High salinity	Increased PSII activity, P_N and transpiration rate	[81]
	Maize	High salinity	Increased P_N and Rubisco activity	[82]
SA	Grapevine	Heat	Improved P_N, chlorophyll a fluorescence, higher stomatal conductance	[83]
	Grapevine	Heat	Improved P_N, enhanced Rubisco and PSII activities	[84]
	Tomato	Drought	Higher P_N, stomatal conductance	[85]
	Common sage	Drought	Maintenance of maximum efficiency of PSII and protection of photosynthetic apparatus	[86]
	Torreyagrandis	High salinity	Increased P_N	[87]
SLs	Arabidopsis	Drought	Higher expression of photosynthetic genes	[88]

ABA, abscisic acid; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BRs, brassinosteroids; CKs, cytokinins; Cytb6f, cytochrome b6f complex; D1, PSII protein encoded by PsbA gene; ETC, electron transport chain; GAs, gibberellic acids; HL, high light; JA, jasmonic acid; LHCB, light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein; NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen (reduced); NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; P_N, net photosynthesis rate; PSI, photosystem I; PSII, photosystem II; Rubisco, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase; SA, salicylic acid; SLs, strigolactones. Fv, variable fluorescence; Fm, maximum fluorescence.