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. 2015 Aug 13;16(8):19111–19129. doi: 10.3390/ijms160819111

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Models of the transport of Zn, Cd, and Fe via xylem and phloem in rice plants at grain filling. “Leaves” are Leaf blades. “Stem” includes elongated culm, leaf sheaths, and panicles except husk and grain. Green line shows xylem transport. Red line shows phloem transport. Phloem sap was collected from the uppermost internode (UI-PS). Information is from Yoneyama et al. [55]. Important note: At the nodes in the elongated stem, Zn and Cd ascending xylem (green line) are transferred to phloem (red line) via the xylem-to-phloem transfer system, while Fe in the xylem (in the form of Fe–citrate) does not pass through this system.