Table 2.

Key differential metabolites detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for Hu-H1/Con and Strain V/Con.

Hu-H1/Con	Metabolite	RT (min)	MZ	VIP-Value	p-Value (t-test)	Fold Change *
				(OPLS-DA)
1	Citric acid	14.63	273	2.42	1.1 × 10−10	−1.49
2	l-CysteineL	11.61	218	1.86	0.000129	−1.34
3	Pyruvic acid	5.05	174	2.19	4.58 × 10−7	−1.29
4	l-Aspartic acid	11.2	233	2.14	0.00000144	−1.18
5	Desmosterol	25.47	343	1.94	0.0000461	−1.16
6	Margaric acid	17.6	117	2.35	3.73 × 10−9	−1.03
7	Glycerol-3-phosphate	14.08	357	1.61	0.00167	−0.8
8	Sorbitol	15.95	319	1.23	0.022	−0.77
9	l-Alanine	5.69	116	1.95	0.0000402	−0.67
10	Myo-Inositol	17.38	305	1.87	0.000112	−0.66
11	Serine	9.18	204	2.03	0.0000118	−0.58
12	Phenylalanine	12.43	218	1.16	0.0334	−0.56
13	l-Threonine	9.54	218	1.84	0.000159	−0.53
14	Pyroglutamic acid	11.19	156	1.27	0.018	−0.49
15	Malic acid	10.82	233	1.31	1.46 × 10−2	−0.47
16	l-Methionine	11.15	176	1.23	2.31 × 10−2	−0.46
17	l-Proline	8.29	142	1.15	3.45 × 10−2	−0.31
18	Octadecanoic acid	18.41	117	1.03	3.77 × 10−3	−0.29
19	l-Valine	7.21	144	1.41	7.71 × 10−3	−0.24
20	l-Leucine	7.97	158	1.24	2.22 × 10−2	−0.21
21	l-Isoleucine	8.27	158	1.16	3.36 × 10−2	−0.2
22	Eicosanoic acid	20.1	117	1.17	3.19 × 10−2	0.27
23	d-Lactose	22.47	204	1.17	3.16 × 10−2	0.31
24	d-Glucose-6-phosphate	19.65	315	1.15	3.49 × 10−2	0.49
25	d-Fructose-6-phosphate	19.4	315	1.25	1.99 × 10−2	0.54
26	d-Fructose	15.28	103	1.4	7.96 × 10−3	0.54
27	Ethanolamine	7.9	174	1.35	1.13 × 10−2	0.77
28	3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid	12.16	247	1.86	1.23 × 10−4	0.94
29	d-Glucose	15.43	205	1.68	8.27 × 10−4	0.95
30	Lanosterol	25.35	458	1.9	7.37 × 10−5	0.96
31	Methylsuccinic acid	8.69	261	1.86	1.42 × 10−4	1.79
Strain V/Con	Metabolite	RT (min)	MZ	VIP-Value	p-Value (t-test)	Fold Change *
				(OPLS-DA)
1	d-Glucose-6-phosphate	19.5	387	1.61	7.05 × 10−12	−3.59
2	d-Fructose-6-phosphate	19.4	315	1.59	3.26 × 10−11	−3.53
3	l-Cysteine	11.61	218	1.44	1.89 × 10−7	−3.31
4	γ-Aminobutyric acid	11.27	174	1.57	2.04 × 10−10	−3.22
5	Citric acid	14.63	273	1.66	4.82 × 10−16	−3.22
6	l-Lysine	15.6	317	1.45	1.34 × 10−7	−2.99
7	Desmosterol	25.47	343	1.5	1.60 × 10−8	−2.84
8	Pyruvic acid	5.05	174	1.09	4.94 × 10−5	−2.4
9	Phenylalanine	12.43	218	1.38	1.82 × 10−6	−2.37
10	Creatinine	11.6	115	1.47	6.99 × 10−8	−2.27
11	l-Aspartic acid	11.2	232	1.52	1.61 × 10−8	−2.06
12	l-Methionine	11.15	176	1.42	3.76 × 10−7	−1.97
13	Serine	9.18	204	1.59	4.36 × 10−11	−1.7
14	Malic acid	10.82	233	1.38	1.44 × 10−6	−1.64
15	l-Alanine	5.69	116	1.51	1.14 × 10−8	−1.56
16	d-Fructose	15.28	103	1.6	8.56 × 10−12	−1.51
17	l-Glutamic acid	12.36	246	1.17	2.07 × 10−4	−1.51
18	l-Threonine	9.54	218	1.55	6.11 × 10−10	−1.41
19	d-Glucose	15.43	205	1.46	1.15 × 10−7	−1.4
20	Glycerol-3-phosphate	14.08	357	1.27	3.36 × 10−5	−1.28
21	l-Proline	8.29	142	1.4	9.06 × 10−7	−1.22
22	Myo-Inositol	17.38	305	1.41	6.71 × 10−7	−1.2
23	Ribulose-5-phosphate	17.72	357	1.24	5.19 × 10−5	−0.99
24	Margaric acid	17.6	117	1.42	4.04 × 10−7	−0.97
25	Myo-Inositol-1-phosphate	20.26	318	1.19	1.47 × 10−4	−0.96
26	l-Valine	7.21	144	1.51	7.91 × 10−9	−0.95
27	l-Leucine	7.97	158	1.46	9.99 × 10−8	−0.91
28	Pyroglutamic acid	11.19	156	1.15	3.22 × 10−4	−0.91
29	l-Isoleucine	8.27	158	1.45	1.34 × 10−7	−0.78
30	Oleic acid	18.2	117	1.15	3.09 × 10−3	−0.55
31	Eicosanoic acid	20.1	117	1.02	1.95 × 10−3	0.45
32	Glycerol	8.05	205	1.11	5.74 × 10−4	0.56
33	Glycolic acid	5.35	177	1.11	5.85 × 10−4	0.57
34	Ethanolamine	7.9	174	1	2.52 × 10−3	0.77
35	Methylsuccinic acid	8.69	261	1.25	5.18 × 10−5	1.64

* Fold change was calculated as the logarithm of the average mass response (area) ratio between the two classes (i.e., fold change = log2(Hu-H1/Con)). Thus, positive fold-change values indicate significantly higher levels in Hu-H1 relative to Con, and negative fold change values indicate significantly lower levels in Hu-H1 relative to Con.