Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients without/with cardiac output monitoring and with central venous catheter
| All | Without cardiac output monitoring | With cardiac output monitoring | p* | With central venous catheter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | <0.01 | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 61.7 (16.5) | 61.4 (16.6) | 63.6 (15.2) | 62.9 (15.0) | |
| Gender | <0.01 | ||||
| Male | 6290 (51.7 %) | 5706 (90.7 %) | 584 (9.3 %) | 935 (14.9 %) | |
| Female | 5878 (48.3 %) | 5048 (85.9 %) | 830 (14.1 %) | 1407 (23.9 %) | |
| Current smoker | 2329 (19.3 %) | 2041 (19.1 %) | 288 (20.5 %) | 0.20 | 527 (22.7 %) |
| ASA Score | <0.01 | ||||
| I and II | 7400 (60.8 %) | 6793 (91.4 %) | 643 (8.6 %) | 874 (11.8 %) | |
| III, IV and V | 4736 (39.0 %) | 3978 (84.0 %) | 768 (16.2 %) | 1463 (30.9 %) | |
| Urgency of surgery | <0.01 | ||||
| Elective | 9132 (75.1 %) | 8142 (89.2 %) | 990 (10.8 %) | 1514 (16.6 %) | |
| Urgent | 2161 (17.8 %) | 1909 (88.3 %) | 252 (11.7 %) | 480 (22.2 %) | |
| Emergency | 875 (7.2 %) | 702 (80.2 %) | 173 (19.8 %) | 349 (39.9 %) | |
| Surgical speciality | <0.01 | ||||
| Orthopaedic | 3984 (32.8 %) | 3800 (95.4 %) | 184 (4.6 %) | 175 (4.4 %) | |
| Breast | 350 (2.9 %) | 331 (94.6 %) | 19 (5.4 %) | 32 (9.2 %) | |
| Gynaecology | 1051 (8.7 %) | 1005 (95.6 %) | 46 (4.4 %) | 70 (6.7 %) | |
| Vascular | 807 (6.7 %) | 633 (78.4 %) | 174 (21.6 %) | 267 (33.3 %) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 2717 (22.3 %) | 2144 (78.9 %) | 573 (21.1 %) | 971 (35.7 %) | |
| Hepato-biliary | 510 (4.2 %) | 370 (72.6 %) | 140 (27.5 %) | 299 (58.6 %) | |
| Plastic or cutaneous | 192 (1.6 %) | 188 (97.9 %) | 4 (2.1 %) | 22 (11.5 %) | |
| Urology and kidney | 1219 (10.0 %) | 1073 (87.1 %) | 146 (12.9 %) | 266 (28.2 %) | |
| Head and neck | 684 (5.6 %) | 638 (93.3 %) | 46 (6.7 %) | 64 (9.4 %) | |
| Other | 622 (5.1) | 542 (87.1 %) | 80 (12.9 %) | 167 (26.9 %) | |
| Co-morbid disorder | |||||
| No co-morbid disorder | 6679 (54.9 %) | 6095 (91.2 %) | 584 (8.7 %) | <0.01 | 918 (13.7 %) |
| Cirrhosis | 186 (1.5 %) | 126 (67.7 %) | 60 (32.3 %) | <0.01 | 97 (52.2 %) |
| Congestive heart failure | 646 (5.3 %) | 519 (80.3 %) | 127 (19.7 %) | <0.01 | 196 (30.3 %) |
| COPD | 1590 (13.1 %) | 1352 (85.0 %) | 238 (15.0 %) | <0.01 | 388 (24.4 %) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1999 (16.5 %) | 1685 (84.3 %) | 314 (15.7 %) | <0.01 | 460 (23.1 %) |
| NIDDM | 1119 (9.2 %) | 973 (87.0 %) | 146 (13.1 %) | 0.12 | 245 (21.9 %) |
| Metastatic cancer | 1014 (8.4 %) | 815 (80.4 %) | 199 (19.6 %) | <0.01 | 421 (41.5 %) |
| Stroke | 719 (5.9 %) | 601 (83.6 %) | 118 (16.4 %) | <0.01 | 172 (23.9 %) |
| Hospital statistics | |||||
| Length of hospital stay (mean, SD) | 8.9 (9.4) | 8.5 (9.3) | 12.4 (12.0) | <0.01 | 15.0 (12.9) |
| ICU admission | 2534 (20.8 %) | 1900 (17.7 %) | 634 (44.8 %) | <0.01 | 1445 (61.7 %) |
| Mortality | 667 (5.5 %) | 535 (5.0 %) | 142 (10.0 %) | <0.01 | 287 (12.2 %) |
| Total | 12 170 | 10,754 (88.4 %) | 1416 (11.6 %) | 2343 (19.3 %) |
Data presented as mean (SD) or n (%)
ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, ICU intensive care unit, NIDDM non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
*p value describes comparison of the patient groups with and without cardiac output monitoring