Table 2.
Unadjusted baseline characteristics by frailty status, men aged ≥ 60 years old, NHANES III 1988–1991a
| Frail b | Pre-frail b | Robust b | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| median | Q1 | Q3 | median | Q1 | Q3 | median | Q1 | Q3 | |
| Age (yr) | 76.6 | 67.8 | 81.5 | 67.7 | 62.5 | 73.8 | 67.4 | 63.6 | 72.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 | 21.6 | 28.4 | 26.2 | 23.6 | 29.1 | 26.0 | 23.7 | 28.9 |
| Serum vitamin D (nmol/L) | 63.4 | 39.7 | 90.1 | 70.4 | 52.2 | 83.4 | 71.6 | 57.2 | 88.4 |
| Serum cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.6 | 4.5 | 6.8 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 6.1 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.4 |
| Glycated hemoglobin: (%) | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.8 |
| % | SE% | % | SE% | % | SE% | ||||
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 68.7 | 10.0 | 21.9 | 4.0 | 30.9 | 4.1 | |||
| Former smoker | 24.6 | 9.4 | 62.7 | 5.5 | 50.6 | 3.6 | |||
| Current smoker | 6.7 | 4.5 | 15.4 | 3.1 | 18.5 | 2.4 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 15.2 | 3.5 | 80.7 | 5.0 | 86.2 | 2.8 | |||
| Non-Hispanic black | 54.5 | 6.3 | 11.4 | 2.2 | 5.9 | 1.2 | |||
| Mexican-American | 4.6 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 0.5 | |||
| Other | 25.7 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 6.2 | 2.3 | |||
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
| 0 drinks | 43.1 | 3.0 | 48.6 | 5.7 | 43.4 | 5.7 | |||
| 1–3 drinks /month | 39.4 | 10.5 | 14.4 | 4.4 | 12.0 | 2.2 | |||
| 1–7 drinks / week | 12.0 | 9.1 | 13.0 | 2.9 | 23.9 | 3.0 | |||
| 1+ drink/day | 5.6 | 4.6 | 23.9 | 5.0 | 20.7 | 4.0 | |||
| Moderate physical activity | |||||||||
| None | 70.4 | 4.3 | 12.7 | 3.3 | 6.8 | 1.5 | |||
| 0–3/week | 9.4 | 7.8 | 33.7 | 4.4 | 27.0 | 4.7 | |||
| 4–6/week | 6.3 | 7.0 | 16.8 | 6.3 | 13.2 | 2.9 | |||
| Daily | 13.9 | 6.4 | 36.9 | 7.1 | 53.0 | 4.5 | |||
| Chronic diseasec | |||||||||
| CVD | 11.0 | 7.3 | 26.3 | 3.7 | 15.1 | 2.4 | |||
| Diabetes | 10.4 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 2.0 | 7.6 | 1.8 | |||
| Cancer | 3.7 | 2.2 | 10.3 | 2.6 | 6.2 | 1.6 | |||
| Low hormone /high SHBG concentrations | |||||||||
| Total testosterone < 10.4 nmol/L | 20.4 | 5.2 | 20.1 | 3.5 | 18.9 | 3.7 | |||
| Free testosterone < 243 pmol/L | 79.2 | 10.9 | 56.2 | 5.9 | 46.4 | 3.5 | |||
| Total estradiol < 73.4 pmol/L | 2.3 | 1.2 | 9.2 | 5.2 | 6.7 | 2.6 | |||
| Free estradiol < 2.2 pmol/L | 9.7 | 4.2 | 22.6 | 4.3 | 15.9 | 3.0 | |||
| SHBG >= 66 nmol/L | 41.2 | 6.7 | 23.6 | 5.2 | 16.5 | 2.6 | |||
BMI, Body mass index. SE, standard error.
a
Sampling weights were applied
b
“frail”: participants meeting any 3 or more of the 5 criteria of the frailty score; "prefrail": those with 1 or 2 criteria; “robust”: those meeting none of the criteria.
c
Self-report