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Schematic representation of the regulation of HA synthesis by AMPK in SMCs. Through the action of compounds such as AICAR, metformin, and resveratrol or by sensing ATP : AMP ratio or by the action of AMPK upstream kinases (AMPKK), AMPK phosphorylates HAS2 threonine 110 residue inhibiting HAS2 activity and reducing the HA production.
