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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 24.
Published in final edited form as: Radiat Res. 2015 Aug 18;184(3):235–248. doi: 10.1667/RR14186.1

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1

A generalized framework for radiation-effect modulator development including both radioprotectors/mitigators as well as radiation sensitizers. The development of a radiation-effect modulator is a multi-step process and may involve acquisition of an innovation from an academic laboratory for development and ultimately potential use in radiation oncology clinic after regulatory approval (proceeding in order from step a–k). CRO=contract research organization; GLP=good laboratory practice; NRG Oncology: a nonprofit research organization formed to conduct clinical research, which brings together the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP), the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG).