Table 1. Community-based practitioners programmes in Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kenya.

Feature	Ethiopia	Indonesia	Kenya
Start, year	2004	1989	2006
Focus area	Maternal and child health (including antenatal, safe and clean delivery at the health post, immunization, growth monitoring and nutritional advice), family planning, immunization, adolescent reproductive health and nutrition	Maternal health: antenatal care, point-of-care tests e.g. malaria (in endemic regions) and HIV (only in Papua region), treatment such as for malaria, outreach care and providing safe delivery within a health facility and at home, postnatal checks, immunization	Maternal and child health prevention and promotion activities that link community members to the health system (registration, education, referral, follow-up)
Name of community-based practitioner	Health extension worker	Village midwives	Community health workers
Corresponding category in ILO’s ISCO	3253 (community health workers)	3222 (midwifery associate professional)	3253 (community health workers)
Type of volunteers	Voluntary community health promoters	Community health volunteers and traditional birth attendants	None
Population catchment area	2 workers for 5000 people	1 worker per village of 500–1500 people	50 workers for 5000 people
Primary base of service delivery	A local health post but spend 70% of their time on house-to-house visits	Sub-health posts and village clinics	Community (home visits)
Initial training	1 year (government funded)	Nursing academy 3 years (self-funded)	10 days training (government funded)
One-off incentive kits	Backpacks	Motorbikes	Backpacks
Salary	Annual salary of approximately $2400	Annual salary of approximately $4250	Unpaid
Other financial incentives and allowances	None	Transport allowances; incentive per antenatal care, delivery assisted and postnatal care	None
In-service training	On-job training in relation to local interventions	Refresher training offered (but none administered in the district in 2012)	Quarterly updates (but none administered in the district in 2012)
Supervision structure	Supervised by health centre and district health office personnel	Supervised by health centre and district health office personnel	Supervised by health centre personnel – community health extension workers at health centre level

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; ILO: International Labour Organization; ISCO: International Standard Classification of Occupations.

Note: Categories of programme have been developed by the REACHOUT consortium http://www.reachoutconsortium.org.