Table 1. Community-based practitioners programmes in Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kenya.
Feature | Ethiopia | Indonesia | Kenya |
---|---|---|---|
Start, year | 2004 | 1989 | 2006 |
Focus area | Maternal and child health (including antenatal, safe and clean delivery at the health post, immunization, growth monitoring and nutritional advice), family planning, immunization, adolescent reproductive health and nutrition | Maternal health: antenatal care, point-of-care tests e.g. malaria (in endemic regions) and HIV (only in Papua region), treatment such as for malaria, outreach care and providing safe delivery within a health facility and at home, postnatal checks, immunization | Maternal and child health prevention and promotion activities that link community members to the health system (registration, education, referral, follow-up) |
Name of community-based practitioner | Health extension worker | Village midwives | Community health workers |
Corresponding category in ILO’s ISCO | 3253 (community health workers) | 3222 (midwifery associate professional) | 3253 (community health workers) |
Type of volunteers | Voluntary community health promoters | Community health volunteers and traditional birth attendants | None |
Population catchment area | 2 workers for 5000 people | 1 worker per village of 500–1500 people | 50 workers for 5000 people |
Primary base of service delivery | A local health post but spend 70% of their time on house-to-house visits | Sub-health posts and village clinics | Community (home visits) |
Initial training | 1 year (government funded) | Nursing academy 3 years (self-funded) | 10 days training (government funded) |
One-off incentive kits | Backpacks | Motorbikes | Backpacks |
Salary | Annual salary of approximately $2400 | Annual salary of approximately $4250 | Unpaid |
Other financial incentives and allowances | None | Transport allowances; incentive per antenatal care, delivery assisted and postnatal care | None |
In-service training | On-job training in relation to local interventions | Refresher training offered (but none administered in the district in 2012) | Quarterly updates (but none administered in the district in 2012) |
Supervision structure | Supervised by health centre and district health office personnel | Supervised by health centre and district health office personnel | Supervised by health centre personnel – community health extension workers at health centre level |
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; ILO: International Labour Organization; ISCO: International Standard Classification of Occupations.
Note: Categories of programme have been developed by the REACHOUT consortium http://www.reachoutconsortium.org.