Table 1. Individual characteristics and disaster-related stressors in Fukushima evacuees by level of psychological distress, Japan, 2012.
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
Pa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | K6 < 13 | K6 ≥ 13 | ||
| Individual characteristics | ||||
| Sex (n = 59 807) | ||||
| Males | 26 321 (44.0) | 23 188 (45.4) | 3 133 (35.9) | < 0.001 |
| Females | 33 486 (56.0) | 27 902 (54.6) | 5 584 (64.1) | |
| Age group (n = 59 807) | ||||
| 15–49 years | 22 379 (37.4) | 19 255 (37.7) | 3 124 (35.8) | < 0.001 |
| 50–64 years | 19 315 (32.3) | 16 441 (32.2) | 2 874 (33.0) | |
| ≥ 65 years | 18 113 (30.3) | 15 394 (30.1) | 2 719 (31.2) | |
| Educational attainment | ||||
| Elementary, junior high or high school | 42 170 (72.9) | 35 819 (72.4) | 6 351 (75.6) | < 0.001 |
| Vocational college, junior college or more | 15 708 (27.1) | 13 654 (27.6) | 2 054 (24.4) | |
| History of mental illness (n = 57 859) | ||||
| No | 54 994 (95.0) | 48 111 (96.8) | 6 883 (84.2) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 2 865 (5.0) | 1 577 (3.2) | 1 288 (15.8) | |
| Disaster-related stressors | ||||
| House damage (n = 56 005) | ||||
| Less than partial collapse of the house | 47 243 (84.4) | 41 006 (85.5) | 6 237 (77.7) | < 0.001 |
| Partial collapse and worse | 8 762 (15.6) | 6 977 (14.5) | 1 785 (22.3) | |
| Bereavement (n = 58 666) | ||||
| No | 47 091 (80.3) | 41 128 (81.9) | 5 963 (70.5) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 11 575 (19.7) | 9 074 (18.1) | 2 501 (29.5) | |
| Living place (n = 59 807) | ||||
| In Fukushima prefecture | 48 110 (80.4) | 41 473 (81.2) | 6 637 (76.1) | < 0.001 |
| Out of Fukushima prefecture | 11 697 (19.6) | 9 617 (18.8) | 2 080 (23.9) | |
| Living arrangement at time of survey (n = 59 807) | ||||
| Own house | 17 999 (30.1) | 16 299 (31.9) | 1 700 (19.5) | < 0.001 |
| Other than own house | 41 808 (69.9) | 34 791 (68.1) | 7 017 (80.5) | |
| Type of work (n = 59 695) | ||||
| Full-time | 15 934 (26.7) | 14 187 (27.8) | 1 747 (20.1) | < 0.001 |
| Other than full-time | 43 761 (73.3) | 36 801 (72.2) | 6 960 (79.9) | |
| Became unemployed (n = 59 807) | ||||
| No | 47 085 (78.7) | 40 949 (80.2) | 6 136 (70.4) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 12 722 (21.3) | 10 141 (19.8) | 2 581 (29.6) | |
| Income has decreased (n = 59 807) | ||||
| No | 48 441 (81.0) | 41 690 (81.6) | 6 751 (77.4) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 11 366 (19.0) | 9 400 (18.4) | 1 966 (22.6) | |
| Number of stressorsb (n = 59 807) | ||||
| 0–1 | 17 390 (29.1) | 16 017 (31.4) | 1 373 (15.8) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | 16 144 (27.0) | 13 943 (27.3) | 2 201 (25.2) | |
| 3 | 14 150 (23.7) | 11 723 (22.9) | 2 427 (27.8) | |
| 4–7 | 12 123 (20.3) | 9 407 (18.4) | 2 716 (31.2) | |
a χ2 tests were used.
b Total number of ‘yes’ answers on above seven disaster-related stressors, and severe disaster damage.
Note: Psychological distress was measured using K6 scale.13 A score ≥ 13 was defined as psychological distress.