Table 1. Identified studies on the delivery of emergency care in low- and middle-income countries.

Author	Year	Title	Journal	Country or area
A-Rahman NHA	2014	The state of emergency care in the Republic of the Sudan	Afr J Emerg Med	Sudan
Abbadi S et al	1997	Emergency medicine in Jordan	Ann Emerg Med	Jordan
Abd Elaal SAM et al	2006	The waiting time at emergency departments at Khartoum State-2005	Sudan J Public Health	Sudan
Abdallat AM et al	2007	Frequent attenders to the emergency room at Prince Rashed Bin Al-Hassan Hospital	J R Med Serv	Jordan
Abdallat AM et al	2000	Who uses the emergency room services?	Eastern Mediterr Health J	Jordan
Abhulimhen-Iyoha BI et al	2012	Morbidity and mortality of childhood illnesses at the emergency paediatric unit of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City	Nigeria J Pediatr	Nigeria
Adeboye MAN et al	2010	Mortality pattern within twenty-four hours of emergency paediatric admission in a resource-poor nation health facility	West Afr J Med	Nigeria
Adesunkanmi ARK et al	2002	A five year analysis of death in accident and emergency room of a semi-urban hospital	West Afr J Med	Nigeria
Afuwape OO et al	2009	An audit of deaths in the emergency department in the University College Hospital Ibadan	Nigeria J Clin Pract	Nigeria
Aggarwal P et al	1995	Utility of an observation unit in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in India	European J Emerg Med	India
Akpa MR et al	2013	Profile and outcome of medical emergencies in a tertiary health institution in Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Nigeria Health J	Nigeria
Al-Hakimi ASA et al	2004	Load and pattern of patients visiting general emergency Al-Thawra Hospital, San a'a	Yemen Health Medical Res J	Yemen
Alagappan K et al	1998	Early development of emergency medicine in Chennai (Madras), India	Ann Emerg Med	India
Asumanu E et al	2009	Improving emergency attendance and mortality – the case for unit separation	West Afr J Med	Ghana
Atanda HL et al	1994	Place des urgences medicales pediatriques dans un service medical a Pointe-Noire	Med Afr Noire	Congo
Avanzi MP et al	2005	Diagnósticos mais freqüentes em serviço de emergência para adulto de um hospital universitário	Rev Ciênc Méd	Brazil
Azhar AA et al	2000	Patient attendance at a major accident and emergency department: Are public emergency services being abused?	Med J Malaysia	Malaysia
Bains HS et al	2012	A simple clinical score “TOPRS” to predict outcome in pediatric emergency department in a teaching hospital in India	Iran J Pediatr	India
Bamgboye EA et al	1990	Mortality pattern at a children’s emergency ward, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Afr J Med Med Sci	Nigeria
Basnet B et al	2012	Initial resuscitation for Australasian Triage Scale 2 patients in a Nepalese emergency department	Emerg Med Australas	Nepal
Batistela S et al	2008	Os motivos de procura pelo Pronto Socorro Pediátrico de um Hospital Universitário referidos pelos pais ou responsáveis	Semina: Ciênc Biológicas Saúde	Brazil
Bazaraa HM et al	2012	Profile of patients visiting the pediatric emergency service in an Egyptian university hospital	Pediatr Emerg Care	Egypt
Ben Gobrane HLB et al	2012	Motifs du recours aux services d’urgence des principaux hôpitaux du Grand Tunis	East Mediterr Health J	Tunisia
Berraho M et al	2012	Les consultations non approprieés aux services des urgences: étude dans un hôpital provincial au Maroc	Prat Organ Soins	Morocco
Boff JM et al	2002	Perfil do Usuário do Setor de Emergência do Hospital Universitário da UFSC	Rev Contexto Saude	Brazil
Boros MJ	2003	Emergency medical services in St. Vincent and the Grenadines	Prehosp Emerg Care	St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Bresnahan KA et al	1995	Emergency medical care in Turkey: current status and future directions	Ann Emerg Med	Turkey
Brito MVH et al	1998	Pronto-atendimento de adultos em serviço de saúde universitário: um estudo de avaliação	Rev Adm Publica	Brazil
Brito MVH et al	2012	Perfil da demanda do serviço de urgência e emergência do hospital pronto socorro municipal- Mario Pinotti	Rev Paraense Med	Brazil
Brown MD	1999	Emergency medicine in Eritrea: rebuilding after a 30-year war	Am J Emerg Med	Eritrea
Bruijns S et al	2008	A prospective evaluation of the Cape triage score in the emergency department of an urban public hospital in South Africa	Emerg Med J	South Africa
Burch V et al	2008	Modified early warning score predicts the need for hospital admission and inhospital mortality	Emerg Med J	South Africa
Buys H et al	2013	An adapted triage tool (ETAT) at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital Medical Emergency Unit, Cape Town: an evaluation	S Afr Med J	South Africa
Cander B et al	2006	Emergency operation indications in emergency medicine clinic (model of emergency medicine in Turkey)	Adv Ther	Turkey
Carret MLV et al	2007	Demand for emergency health service: factors associated with inappropriate use	BMC Health Serv Res	Brazil
Carret MLV et al	2011	Características da demanda do serviço de saúde de emergência no Sul do Brasil	Cien Saude Colet	Brazil
Cevik AA et al	2001	Update on the development of emergency medicine as a specialty in Turkey	European J Emerg Med	Turkey
Chattoraj A et al	2006	A study of sickness & admission pattern of patients attending an emergency department in a tertiary care hospital	J AcadHosp Adm	India
Chukuezi AB et al	2010	Pattern of deaths in the adult accident and emergency department of a sub-urban teaching hospital in Nigeria	Asian J Med Sci	Nigeria
Clark M et al	2012	Reductions in inpatient mortality following interventions to improve emergency hospital care in Freetown, Sierra Leone	PLoS one	Sierra Leone
Clarke ME	1998	Emergency medicine in the new South Africa	Ann Emerg Med	South Africa
Clem KJ et al	1998	United States physician assistance in development of emergency medicine in Hangzhou, China	Ann Emerg Medi	China
Coelho MF et al	2010	Analysis of the organizational aspects of a clinical emergency department: a study in a general hospital in Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil	Rev Lat Am Enfermagem	Brazil
Coelho MF et al	2013	Urgências clínicas: perfil de atendimentos hospitalares	Rev Lat Am Enfermagem	Brazil
Cox M et al	2007	Emergency medicine in a developing country: experience from Kilimanjaro Christian Medial Centre, Tanzania, East Africa	Emerg Med Australas	The United Republic of Tanzania
Curry C et al	2004	The first year of a formal emergency medicine training programme in Papua New Guinea	Emerg Med Australas	Papua New Guinea
da Silva GS et al	2007	Caracterização do perfil da demanda da emergência de clínica médica do hospital universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina	Arq Catarinenses Med	Brazil
Dalwai M et al	2013	Implementation of a triage score system in an emergency room in Timergara, Pakistan	Public Health Action	Pakistan
Damghi N et al	2013	Patient satisfaction in a Moroccan emergency department	Intl Arch Med	Morocco
Dan V et al	1991	Prise en charge des urgences du nourrisson et de l'enfant: aspects actuels et perspectives d'avenir	Med Afr Noire	Benin
de Souza LM et al	2011	Risk classification in an emergency room: agreement level between a Brazilian institutional and the Manchester Protocol	Rev Lat Am Enfermagem	Brazil
De Vos P et al	2008	Uses of first line emergency services in Cuba	Health Policy	Cuba
Derlet RW et al	2000	Emergency medicine in Belarus	J Emerg Med	Belarus
Dubuc IF et al	2006	Adolescentes atendidos num serviço púlico de urgência e emergência: perfil de morbidade e mortalidade	Rev Eletrônica Enfermagem	Brazil
Duru C et al	2013	Pattern and outcome of admissions as seen in the paediatric emergency ward of the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital Bayelsa State, Nigeria	Nigeria J Pediatr	Nigeria
Ekere AU et al	2005	Mortality patterns in the accident and emergency department of an urban hospital in Nigeria	Nigeria J Clinic Pract	Nigeria
Enobong EI et al	2009	Pattern of paediatric emergencies and outcome as seen in a tertiary hosptial: a five-year review	Sahel Med J	Nigeria
Erickson TB et al	1996	Emergency medicine education intervention in Rwanda	Ann Emerg Med	Rwanda
Eroglu SE et al	2012	Evaluation of non-urgent visits to a busy urban emergency department	Saudi Med J	Turkey
Fajardo-Oritz G et al	2000	Utilización del servicio de urgencias en un hospital de especialidades	Cir Cir	Mexico
Fajolu IB et al	2011	Childhood mortality in children emergency centre of the Lagos University Teaching hospital	Nigeria J Pediatr	Nigeria
Fayyaz J et al	2013	Missing the boat: odds for the patients who leave ED without being seen	BMC Emerg Med	Pakistan
Furtado BMA et al	2004	O perfil da emergência do Hospital da Restauração: uma análise dos possíveis impactos após a municipalização dos serviços de saúde	Revi Bras Epidemiol	Brazil
Gaitan M et al	1998	Growing pains: status of emergency medicine in Nicaragua	Ann Emerg Med	Nicaragua
Garg M et al	2013	Study of the relation of clinical and demographic factors with morbidity in a tertiary care teaching hospital in India	Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci	India
George IO et al	2010	An audit of cases admitted in the children emergency ward in a Nigerian tertiary hospital	Pakistan J Med Sci	Nigeria
Gim U et al	2012	Pattern and outcome of presentation at the children emergency unit of a tertiary institution in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria: a one year prospective study	J Med	Nigeria
Goh AY et al	2003	Paediatric utilization of a general emergency department in a developing country	Acta Paediatr	Malaysia
Gomide MFS et al	2012	Perfil de usuários em um serviço de pronto atendimento	Med (Ribeirão Preto)	Brazil
Gueguen G	1995	Senegal: mise en place d’un mirco ordinateur dans le service d’accueil des urgencies de l’hopital regional de Ziguinchor	Med Trop	Senegal
Halasa W	2013	Family medicine in the emergency department, Jordan	Br J Gen Pract	Jordan
Hanewinckel R et al	2010	Emergency medicine in Paarl, South Africa: a cross-sectional descriptive study	Int J Emerg Med	South Africa
Hexom B et al	2012	A model for emergency medicine education in post-conflict Liberia	Afr J Emerg Medi	Liberia
Hodkinson PW et al	2009	Cross-sectional suvey of patients presenting to a South African urban emergency centre	Emerg Med J	South Africa
House DR et al	2013	Descriptive study of an emergency centre in Western Kenya: challenges and opportunities	Afr J Emerg Med	Kenya
Huo X	1994	Emergency care in China	Accid Emerg Nur	China
Ibeziako SN et al	2002	Pattern and outcome of admissions in the children's emergency room of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu	Nigeria J Paediatr	Nigeria
Jacobs PC et al	2005	Estudo exploratório dos atendimentos em unidade de emergência em Salvador-Bahia	Rev Assoc Méd Bras	Brazil
Jafari-Rouhi AH et al	2013	The Emergency Severity Index, version 4, for pediatric triage: a reliability study in Tabriz Children’s Hospital, Tabriz, Iran	Int J Emerg Med	Islamic Republic of Iran
Jalili M et al	2013	Emergency department nonurgent visits in Iran: prevalence and associated factors	Am J Manag Care	Islamic Republic of Iran
Jerius M et al	2010	Inappropriate utilization of emergency medical services at Prince Ali Military Hospital	J R Med Serv	Jordan
Ka Sall B et al	2002	Les urgences dans un centre hospitalier et universitaire en milieu tropical	Méd Trop	Senegal
Karabocuoglu M et al	1995	Analysis of patients admitted to the emergency unit of a university children's hosptial in Turkey	Turk J Pediatr	Turkey
Karim MZ et al	2009	A retrospective study of illness and admission pattern of emergency patients utilizing a corporate hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh: 2006 −2008	ORION Med J	Bangladesh
Khan NU et al	2011	Unplanned return visit to emergency department: a descriptive study from a tertiary care hospital in a low-income country	European J Emerg Med	Pakistan
Khan NU et al	2007	Emergency department deaths despite active management: experience from a tertiary care centre in a low-income country	Emerg Med Australas	Pakistan
Khan AN et al	2003	International pediatric emergency care: establishment of a new specialty in a developing country	Pediatr Emerg Care	Serbia
Kriengsoontornkij W et al	2010	Accuracy of pediatric triage at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand	J Medl Ass Thailand	Thailand
Krym VF et al	2009	International partnerships to foster growth in emergency medicine in Romania	CJEM	Romania
Lammers W et al	2011	Demographic analysis of emergency department patients at the Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai	Emerg Med Int	China
Lasseter JA et al	1997	Emergency medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina	Ann Emerg Med	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lee S	2011	Disaster management and emergency medicine in Malaysia	West J Emerg Med	Malaysia
Leite JA et al	2010	Internaçöes e serviços de urgência e emergência pactuados em hospital geral púlico da Bahia, Brazil	Rev Baiana Saude Publica	Brazil
Lima SBS et al	2013	Perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes internados no prontosocorro de um hospital universitário	Saude (Santa Maria)	Brazil
Lin JY et al	2013	Breadth of emergency medical training in Pakistan	Prehosp Disaster Med	Pakistan
Little RM et al	2013	Acute care in Tanzania: epidemiology of acute care in a small community medical centre	Afr J Emerg Med	The United Republic of Tanzania
Liu Y et al	1994	A preliminary epidemiological study of the patient population visiting an urban ED in the Republic of China	Am J Emerg Med	China
Lopes SLB et al	2007	The implementation of the Medical Regulation Office and Mobile Emergency Attendance System and its impact on the gravity profile of non-traumatic afflictions treated in a University Hospital: a research study	BMC Health Serv Res	Brazil
Loria-Castellanos J et al	2006	Reanimation unit experience of a second- level hospital in Mexico City	Prehosp Disaster Med	Mexico
Loria-Castellanos J et al	2010	Frecuencia y factores asociados con el uso inadecuado de la consulta de urgencias de un hospital	Cir Cir	Mexico
Mabiala-Babela JR et al	2007	Consultations et réadmissions avant l’âge d’un mois aux urgences pédiatriques, Brazzaville (Congo)	Arch Pediatr	Congo
Mabiala-Babela JR et al	2009	Consultations de nuit aux urgences pédiatriques du CHU de Brazzaville, Congo	Méd Trop	Congo
Mahajan V et al	2013	Unexpected hospitalisations at a 23-Hour observation unit in a paediatric emergency department of northern India	J Clin Diagn Res	India
Maharjan RK	2011	Mortality pattern in the emergency department in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal	Prehosp Disaster Med	Nepal
Malhotra S et al	1992	A study of the workload of the casualty department of a large city hospital	Health Popul Perspect Issues	India
Martinez RQ et al	2008	Padecimientos más frecuentemente atendidos en el Servicio de Urgencias Pediátricas en un hospital de tercer nivel	Rev Fac Med Univ Auton Mex	Mexico
Matoussi N et al	2007	Profil epidemiologique et prise en charge des consultants des urgences medicales pediatriques de l’hopital d’enfants de Tunis	Tunis Med	Tunisia
Maulen-Radovan I et al	1996	PRISM score evaluation to predict outcome in paediatric patients on admission at an emergency department	Arch Med Res	Mexico
Mbutiwi Ikwa Ndol F et al	2013	Facteurs pre ´dictifs de la mortalite ´ des patients admis aux urgences me ´dicales des cliniques universitaires de Kinshasa	Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique	Democratic Republic of the Congo
McDonald A et al	2005	Emergency medicine in Jamaica	CJEM	Jamaica
McDonald A et al	2000	Morbidity pattern of emergency room patients in Jamaica	West Indian Med J	Jamaica
Medina J et al	2007	Triage: experiencia en un Servicio de Urgencias Pediátricas	Rev Soc Boliv Pediatr	Paraguay
Meijas CLA	2011	La atención de urgencia y la dispensarización en el Policlínico Universitario Docente de Playa	Rev Cubana Med Gen Integral	Cuba
Melo EMC et al	2007	O trabalho dos pediatras em um serviço público de urgências: fatores intervenientes no atendimento	Cad Saude Publica	Brazil
Meskin S et al	1997	Delivery of emergency medical services in Kathmandu, Nepal	Ann Emerg Med	Nepal
Mijinyawa MS	2010	Pattern of medical emergency utilisation in a Nigeria tertiary health institution: a preliminary report	Sahel Med J	Nigeria
Miranda NA et al	2012	Caracterização de crianças atendidas no pronto-socorro de um hospital universitário	Rev Eletrônica Gestão Saúde	Brazil
Molyneux E et al	2006	Improved triage and emergency care for children reduces inpatient mortality in a resource-constrained setting	Bull World Health Organ	Malawi
Morton TD	1992	A perspective on emergency medicine in the developing world	J Emerg Med	Malaysia
Mullan PC et al	2013	Reduced overtriage and undertriage with a new triage system in an urban accident and emergency department in Botswana: a cohort study	Emerg Med J	Botswana
Muluneh D et al	2007	Analysis of admissions to the pediatric emergency ward of Tikur Anbessa Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ethiop J Health Dev	Ethiopia
Musharafieh R et al	1996	Development of emergency medicine in Lebanon	Ann Emerg Med	Lebanon
Naidoo DK et al	2014	An evaluation of the Triage Early Warning Score in an urban accident and emergency department in KwaZulu-Natal	S Afr Family Pract	South Africa
Nelson BD et al	2005	Integrating quantitative and qualitative methodologies for the assessment of health care systems: emergency medicine in post-conflict Serbia	BMC Health Serv Res	Serbia
Nemeth J et al	2001	Emergency medicine in Eastern Europe: the Hungarian experience	Ann Emerg Med	Hungary
Nkombua L	2008	The practice of medicine at a district hospital emergency room: Middelburg Hospital, Mpumalanga Province	S Afr Family Pract	South Africa
O'Reilly G et al	2010	The dawn of emergency medicine in Vietnam	Emerg Med Australas	Viet Nam
Ogah OS et al	2012	A two-year review of medical admissions at the emergency unit of a Nigerian tertiary health facility	Afr J Biomed Res	Nigeria
Ogunmola OO et al	2013	Mortality pattern in adult accident and emergency department of a tertiary health centre situated in a rural area of developing country	J Dent Med Sci	Nigeria
Ohara K et al	1994	Investigación sobre pacientes atendidos en el servicio de emergencia del Hospital Escuela	Rev Med Hondur	Honduras
Okolo SN et al	2002	Health service auditing and intervention in an emergency paediatric unit	Nigeria J Paediatr	Nigeria
Oktay C et al	2003	Appropriateness of emergency department visits in a Turkish university hospital	Croat Med J	Turkey
Olivati FN et al	2010	Perfil da demanda de um pronto-socorro em um município do interior do estado de São Paulo	Rev Fac Odontol Univ Passo Fundo	Brazil
Oliveira GN et al	2011	Profile of the population cared for in a referral emergency unit	Rev Lat Am Enfermagem	Brazil
Onwuchekwa AC et al	2008	Medical mortality in the accident and emergency unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital	Nigeria J Med	Nigeria
Orimadegun AE et al	2008	Comparison of neonates born outside and inside hospitals in a children emergency unit, southwest of Nigeria	Pediatr Emerg Care	Nigeria
Osuigwe AN et al	2002	Mortalty in the accident and emergency unit of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, NNEWI: patterns and factors involved	Nigeria J Clin Pract	Nigeria
Parekh KP et al	2013	Who leaves the emergency department without being seen? A public hospital experience in Georgetown, Guyana	BMC Emerg Med	Guyana
Partridge RA	1998	Emergency medicine in West Kazakhstan, CIS	Ann Emerg Med	Kazakhstan
Patil A	2013	Analysis of pattern of emergency cases in the casualty of a university	Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol	India
Peixoto BV et al	2013	The harsh reality of children and youth emergency care showing the health status of a city	Rev Paul Pediatr	Brazil
Pekdemir M et al	2010	No significant alteration in admissions to emergency departments during Ramadan	J Emerg Med	Turkey
Periyanayagam U et al	2012	Acute care needs in a rural Sub-Saharan African emergency centre: a retrospective analysis	Afr J Emerg Med	Uganda
Pinilla MMA et al	2009	Demandas inadecuadas en urgencias e identificación del uso inapropriado de la hospitalización en el Centro Piloto de ASSBASALUD ESE. en Manizales. año 2008	Arch Med	Colombia
PoSaw LL et al	1998	Emergency medicine in the new Delhi Area, India	Ann Emerg Med	India
Raftery KA	1996	Emergency medicine in southern Pakistan	Ann Emerg Med	Pakistan
Ramalanjaona G	1998	Emergency medicine in Madagascar	Ann Emerg Med	Madagascar
Rashidi A et al	2009	Demographic and clinical characteristics of red tag patients and their one-week mortality rate from the emergency department of the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia	South-east Asian J Trop Med Public Health	Malaysia
Rehmani R	2004	Emergency section and overcrowding in a university hospital of Karachi, Pakistan	J Pak Med Assoc	Pakistan
Reynolds TA et al	2012	Most frequent adult and pediatric diagnoses among 60 000 patients seen in a new urban emergency department in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Ann Emerg Med	The United Republic of Tanzania
Reynolds TA et al	2012	Emergency care capacity in Africa: a clinical and educational initiative in Tanzania	J Public Health Policy	The United Republic of Tanzania
Ribeiro RCH et al	2013	Stay and outcome of the clinical and surgical patient in the emergency service	Rev Enfermagem	Brazil
Riccetto AGL et al	2007	Sala de emergência em pediatria: casuística de um hospital universitário	Revi Paul Pediatr	Brazil
Richards JR	1997	Emergency medicine in Vietnam	Ann Emerg Med	Viet Nam
Robison JA et al	2012	Decreased pediatric hospital mortality after an intervention to improve emergency care in Lilongwe, Malawi	Pediatr	Malawi
Rodriguez JCM et al	2012	Aplicación de los criterios de ingreso a la unidad de reanimación en el servicio de urgencias de adultos del Hospital General «La Raza»	Arch Medi Urg Méx	Mexico
Rodriguez JP et al	2001	“Filtro Sanitario” en las urgencias médicas. Un problema a reajustar	Rev Cubana Med	Cuba
Rosa TP et al	2011	Perfil dos pacientes atendidos na sala de emergência do pronto Socorro de um hospital universitário	Rev Enfermagem UFSM	Brazil
Rosedale K et al	2011	The effectiveness of the South African Triage Score (SATS) in a rural emergency department	S Afr Med J	South Africa
Rytter MJH et al	2006	Effects of armed conflict on access to emergency health care in Palestinian West Bank: systematic collection of data in emergency departments	BMJ	West Bank and Gaza Strip
Salaria M et al	2003	Profile of patients attending pediatric emergency service at Chandigarh	Indian J Pediatr	India
Salgado RMP et al	2010	Perfil dos pacientes pediátricos atendidos na emergência de um hospital universitário	Pediatr (Sao Paulo)	Brazil
Santhanam I et al	2002	Mortality after admission in the pediatric emergency department: a prospective study from a referral children’s hospital in southern India	Pediatr Critical Care Med	India
Savitsky E et al	2000	Emergency medical services development in the Seychelles Islands	Am J Emerg Med	Seychelles
Selasawati HG et al	2004	Inappropriate utilization of emergency department services in Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital	Med J Malaysia	Malaysia
Sentilhes-Monkam A	2011	Les services d’accueil des urgences ont-ils un avenir en Afrique de l’ouest? Exemple à l’hôpital principal de Dakar	Sante Publique	Senegal
Shakhatreh H et al	2009	Patient satisfaction in emergency department at King Hussein Medical Center	J R Med Serv	Jordan
Shakhatreh H et al	2003	Use and misuse of accident and emergency services at Queen Alia Military Hospital	J R Med Serv	Jordan
Simons DA et al	2010	Adequação da demanda de crianças e adolescentes atendidos na Unidade de Emergência em Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil	Rev Bras Saúde Matern Infant	Brazil
Singhi S et al	2004	Comparison of pediatric emergency patients in a tertiary care hospital vs a community hospital	Indian Pediatr	India
Singhi S et al	2003	Pediatric emergencies at a tertiary care hospital in India	J Trop Pediatr	India
Smadi BY et al	2005	Inappropriate use of emergency department at Prince Zeid Ben Al-Hussein Hospital	J R Med Serv	Jordan
Soleimanpour H et al	2011	Emergency department patient satisfaction survey in Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, Iran	Int J Emerg Med	Islamic Republic of Iran
Souza BC et al	2009	Perfil da Demanda do Departamento de Emergência do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição – Tubarão – SC	Arq Catarinenses Med	Brazil
Tannebaum RD et al	2001	Emergency Medicine in Southern Brazil	Ann Emerg Med	Brazil
Taye BW et al	2014	Quality of emergency medical care in Gondar University Referral Hospital, north-west Ethiopia: a survey of patient's perspectives: a survey of patients’ perspectives	BMC Emerg Med	Ethiopia
Tiemeier K et al	2013	The effect of geography and demography on outcomes of emergency department patients in rural Uganda	Ann Emerg Med	Uganda
Tinaude O et al	2010	Health-care-seeking behaviour for childhood illnesses in a resource-poor setting	J Paediatr Child Health	Nigeria
Tintinalli J et al	1998	Emergency care in Namibia	Ann Emerg Med	Namibia
Topacoglu H et al	2004	Analysis of factors affecting satisfaction in the emergency department: a survey of 1 019 patients	Adv Ther	Turkey
Traoré A et al	2002	Les urgences médicales au Centre hospitalier national Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou : profil et prise en charge des patients	Cah Etud Rech Francophones / Santé	Burkina Faso
Trejo JA et al	1999	El servicio de urgencias en un hospital de tercer nivel. Su comportamiento durante cinco años: estudio preliminar	Med Interna Mex	Mexico
Tsiperau J et al	2010	The management of paediatric patients in a general emergency department in Papua New Guinea	P N G Med J	Papua New Guinea
Ugare GU et al	2012	Epidemiology of death in the emergency department of a tertiary health centre south-south of Nigeria	Afr Health Sc	Nigeria
Veras JEG et al	2011	Profile of children attended in emergency according to the risk classification: a documental study	Online Bras J Nurs	Brazil
Veras JEG et al	2009	Analise das causas de atendimento de crianças e adolescentes menores de 15 anos em pronto-atendimento de um hospital secundário de Fortaleza	Congr Bras Enfermagem	Brazil
Wang L et al	2011	Application of emergency severity index in pediatric emergency department	World J Emerg Med	China
Webb HR et al	2001	Emergency medicine in Ecuador	Am J Emerg Med	Ecuador
Williams EW et al	2008	The evolution of emergency medicine in Jamaica	West Indian Med J	Jamaica
Wright SW et al	2000	Emergency medicine in Ukraine: challenges in the post-Soviet era	Am J Emerg Med	Ukraine
Yaffee AQ et al	2012	Bypassing proximal health care facilities for acute care: a survey of patients in a Ghanaian accident and emergency centre	Trop Med Int Health	Ghana
Yildirim C et al	2005	Patient satisfaction in a university hospital emergency department in Turkey	Acta Med	Turkey
Zhou JC et al	2012	High hospital occupancy is associated with increased risk for patients boarding in the emergency department	Am J Med	China

Notes: Further information about the studies can be obtained from corresponding author. Additional data were obtained through personal communications from: Botswana (1), Cameroon (1), Ghana (1), Lebanon (1), Liberia (1), Madagascar (1) and South Africa (10).