Activities of CS, CPT-1 and COX in liver mitochondria and their protein expression level in liver tissue. (A–C) The activity of CS, CPT-1 and COX in liver mitochondria began to increase at 4 h, peaked at 8 h and began to decrease at 12 h. (D) Western blotting demonstrated that the protein expression levels of CS, CPT-1 and COX were upregulated at 4 h and then decreased after 12 h in liver tissue. ALF, acute liver failure; CS, citrate synthase; CPT-1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1; COX, cytochrome c oxidase; D-GalN, D-galactosamine; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.