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. 2015 Sep 24;11(9):e1005521. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005521

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© 2015 Irie et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Fig 1 — (A) Structure of the Sirh11/Zcchc16 protein. The scheme shows the alignment of the sushi-ichi gag domain and Sirh11/Zcchc16 proteins, which overall exhibit 21% identity and 37.5% similarity, respectively. The zinc finger CCHC domain (purple) in the C-terminus is conserved, but the coiled-coil motif (green) and gag domain (blue) are absent in the Sirh11/Zcchc16 protein. (B) Chromosomal Location. SIRH11/ZCCH16 is conserved in an orthologous chromosomal region between TRPC5 and LHFPL1 in eutherian mammals. The upper panel shows that SIRH11/ZCCHC16 is absent in the chicken (birds), platypus (monotremes) and opossum (marsupials). The identically colored boxes represent orthologous genes and the light blue boxes represent psuedoSIRH11/ZCCHC16 genes. The lower panel provides a comparison of SIRH11/ZCCHC16 and its flanking genome sequences with 50~100% homology to the mouse genome in several eutherian mammals. The purple (SIRH11/ZCCHC16) and red (others) areas indicate evolutionarily conserved sequences (ECSs). The shaded area indicates the regions that correspond to the mouse Sirh11/Zcchc16 open reading frame. The yellow line in the Armadillo column represents the gap region in the genome sequence. (C) Conservation of Sirh11/Zcchc16 in eutherian mammals. The SIRH11/ZCCHC16 sequence was confirmed in four major eutherian groups (red), euarchontoglires, laurasiatheria, xenarthra and afrotheria, but became a pseudogene in xenarthra (the dashed line), indicating that the insertion of SIRH11/ZCCHC16 occurred in a common eutherian ancestor. The number of species possessing SIRH11/ZCCHC16 (front) and those which in total were analyzed (back) are noted in parentheses. (D) PAML analysis. Two models, the one-ratio model based on the assumption that ω₁ (dN/dS) is the same for all of the branches (model 1) and the two-ratio model based on the assumption that ω₂ in the xenathran lineage is different from ω₁ in all the others (model 2) were compared. The model 2 was statistically significant and is shown. The p-value was calculated by the likelihood ratio test. Armadillo 1 and 2 represent Dasypus novemcinctus and Tolypeutes matacus, respectively. Sloth 1 and 2 represent Choloepus hoffmanni and Choloepus didactylus, respectively.