Table 4.

Modifiable and non-modifiable factors affecting participation, by ICF domain.

ICF Domain	Modifiable	Non-Modifiable
Body Functions	Body Mass Index[16]Confidence[56, 57] Depression[36, 37] Fatigue[42, 52] Fear of Injury[50] Grip Strength[35] Motivation[52] Pain (including shoulder pain) Psychological Factors [54, 66] Physical Strain[58] Incontinence[52] Vision[52] Cognition[36] Physical Limitations [54]	Cognition[36] Level of Injury (SCI)[38] Motor Involvement[52] Vision[52]
Activity Factors	Average speed travelled[44] Driving[34] Mobility[36, 63, 65] Wheelchair skills[36, 58–60]
Participation Factors	Being a member of society[33] Being Engaged (in social/civic pursuits)[33] Involvement in Sports[45, 47] Employment[46, 63] Interacting as a citizen[33]
Environmental Factors	Caregiver Concerns[52, 54] Dependence on Others[50] Environmental Characteristics (Crime) [39] Lack of opportunity[50] Level of daily assistance[40] Living alone[40] Social environment[52, 55] Suitable Housing[50] Transportation[50, 52] Wheelchair factors[38, 42, 46, 54, 63, 64, 66] Accessibility Home, Living Spaces[55, 65] Driving a Modified Vehicle [41]	Accessibility (built environment, transit and work)[36, 42, 49–52, 54, 65, 66] Climate[55] Environmental Characteristics[53] Societal Attitudes (incl. Stigma)[50, 53, 54, 66]
Personal Factors	Finances[49, 50, 55, 63] Level of Education[16, 40, 46, 63] Loss of Identity[53] Marital Status[37, 63] Personality[52] Physical Health Status[46, 49] Tobacco Use[16] Wheelchair factors - satisfaction[64] Alcohol Use[16]	Age[38, 46, 48, 58] # Comorbidities[54, 65] Race[63] Sex[16, 37, 38, 46] Years since injury[38, 63]